The Cell - Structure and Function
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The Cell - Structure and Function

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Questions and Answers

Where is ribosomal RNA synthesized and ribosome sub-units assembled?

  • Nucleolus (correct)
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Chromatin granules
  • Mitochondria

    • Why is the nucleolus referred to as the 'pacemaker of the cell'?

  • It plays a central role in protein synthesis through ribosome production (correct)
  • It synthesizes lipids and carbohydrates
  • It controls DNA replication
  • It regulates cell division

    • Where are chromosomal threads condensed into a tight coil?

  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Mitochondria
  • Chromatin granules (correct)
  • Nucleolus

    • Which organelle in the cytoplasm produces lipids and carbohydrates, and has no ribosomes?

    <p>Smooth ER</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of rough ER?

    <p>Synthesizes proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is primarily composed of protein and RNA, smaller than nucleoli, and seen only in nondividing cells?

    <p>Chromatin granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the cell membrane?

    <p>To separate the cell's contents from its external environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the cytoplasm?

    <p>It is where organelles perform specific functions in the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the nucleus usually located within a cell?

    <p>At the center of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the cell membrane is fluid-like?

    <p>The hydrophilic polar head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are inclusions in a cell?

    <p>Temporary constituents like stored proteins and crystals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do pores in the nuclear membrane function?

    <p>By serving as avenues for exchange of materials between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Structure and Organelles

    • The cell is the basic unit of the body's structure, consisting of the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.

    Nucleus

    • The nucleus is a specialized spherical mass of protoplasm, usually located at the center of the cell.
    • The nuclear membrane is composed of 2 layers with a small space between them.
    • Ribosomes are sometimes attached to the outer membrane, while the innermost membrane is smooth.
    • The two membranes fuse to form a thin single layer, forming a pore, which serves as an avenue for material exchange between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm.

    Nucleolus

    • The nucleolus is the site where ribosomal RNA is synthesized and ribosome subunits are assembled.
    • It plays a central role in regulating protein synthesis, earning it the title "pacemaker of the cell".

    Chromatin Granules

    • Chromatin granules are composed primarily of protein and RNA.
    • They are smaller than nucleoli, have an irregular shape and size, and are only seen in non-dividing (interphase) cells.
    • Chromatin granules are areas where chromosome filaments or threads are condensed by being wound into a tight coil.
    • These chromosomal threads contain genes, which determine heredity.

    Organelles in the Cytoplasm

    • The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of channels or tubules pervading the entire cytoplasm.
    • The ER is also composed of a lipid bilayer, similar to the cell membrane and nuclear membrane.
    • There are two kinds of ER: smooth ER and rough ER.
    • Smooth ER produces lipids or carbohydrates and glycogen, and has no ribosomes.
    • Rough ER produces and synthesizes proteins and is scattered with regular ribosomes.

    Cell Membrane

    • The cell membrane, also known as the plasmalemma, is a lipid membranous bilayer.
    • It is composed predominantly of phospholipids with a hydrophilic polar head (outside) and a hydrophobic nonpolar tail (inner part).
    • The cell membrane is fluid, limiting, and separates the cell's contents from its external environment.

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    Description

    Learn about the basic components of a cell, including the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane. Understand the functions and characteristics of each part in detail.

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