The Celestial Spheres
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Questions and Answers

According to ancient and medieval thinkers, what were the celestial orbs made of?

  • Gems
  • Thick spheres of rarefied matter (correct)
  • Empty space
  • Aetherial and transparent fifth element

    • What did scholars presume about each planetary sphere when applying Ptolemy's epicycles?

  • Each planetary sphere was in complete contact with the sphere above and below it (correct)
  • Each planetary sphere was exactly the same size
  • Each planetary sphere was transparent
  • Each planetary sphere was made of gems

    • What was the purpose of the celestial orbs in the cosmological models?

  • To account for the apparent motions of the fixed stars and planets (correct)
  • To demonstrate the existence of aetherial matter
  • To explain the existence of gems
  • To create a visual representation of the universe

    • What did ancient and medieval thinkers believe about the positions of the fixed stars relative to one another?

    <p>They believed the fixed stars were on the surface of a single starry sphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the orbits of the planets viewed in modern thought?

    <p>As paths through mostly empty space</p> Signup and view all the answers

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