The Causes of Obesity Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe the transition to agriculture introducing new adaptive pressures that shaped human genome to an increased fat storage efficiency?

Thrifty genotype (correct)

Famine adaptation

Metabolic inefficiency

Polygenic Obesity

Which gene, found in 65% of European or African descent and 44% of Asians, is associated with a 12% or more risk of being overweight or obese?

APOA2 gene

THRIFTY GENOTYPE

Fat mass and obesity-associated gene

FTO Gene (correct)

What did the research indicate about hunter-gatherers and famines?

Hunter-gatherers were unaffected by famines

Famines were common among hunter-gatherers

Hunter-gatherers did not experience famine (correct)

Famines were introduced by agriculture

What is the percentage of Pima Indians in Northern Mexico who have a much lower incidence of obesity and diabetes?

Lower Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the interaction between dietary habits and genes to modulate predisposition to obesity?

Gene-Environment Interaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the human genome containing hundreds of regions whose pattern of genetic diversity indicate recent positive natural selection?

Polygenic Obesity Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the selective advantage of metabolically thrifty peoples to store a high proportion of energy as fat when food is plentiful?

Thrifty genotype Signup and view all the answers

Which gene interacts with dietary habits to modulate predisposition to obesity through its influence on BMI modulated by saturated fat intake in Mediterranean and Asian populations?

APOA2 gene Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the genes associated with increased obesity risk?

THRIFTY GENOTYPE Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the decrease in physical activity and consumption of a high-fat diet among Pima Indians?

Lifestyle change Signup and view all the answers

What is the obesity prevalence in the world?

13% Signup and view all the answers

Which group has the highest obesity rates in the US?

Non-Hispanic Black adults Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe low income areas with an abundance of fast foods and convenience markets, but little access to supermarkets with healthy foods?

Food desert Signup and view all the answers

What is the more accurate term for the inequitable food environment resulting from systematic oppression?

Food apartheid Signup and view all the answers

What prevented Black families from pursuing the pathway to wealth through home ownership?

Policies and lending practices Signup and view all the answers

What do zoning codes allow for in lower income areas?

Heavier presence of fast foods Signup and view all the answers

What is the obesity rate of children in the US?

18.5% Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to disparities in obesity rates in the US?

Targeted marketing of unhealthy foods Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the term 'food apartheid' being considered more accurate?

Systematic oppression Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant reason for the higher obesity rates among Non-Hispanic Black adults in the US?

Less access to healthy foods Signup and view all the answers

What has driven obesity rates according to the text?

Changes in the food system, such as nutrition transition, ultra-processed foods, and technology shift Signup and view all the answers

What has the USDA introduced in relation to serving sizes and nutrition labels?

New requirements for serving sizes and nutrition labels, including the inclusion of added sugars and multiple serving settings Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of water, air, and fiber content on the energy density of foods?

They impact the energy density of foods Signup and view all the answers

What are the factors contributing to obesity according to the text?

Genetics, environmental and social elements, and behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is the measurement of energy according to the text?

Energy is measured in kilocalories (kcal) Signup and view all the answers

What has happened to the top-selling clothing size for women according to the text?

Jumped from size 8 to size 14 in less than 20 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the trend in portions over time according to the text?

Portions have significantly grown over time Signup and view all the answers

What happens to childhood obesity prevalence with increasing education level of the household head according to the text?

Childhood obesity prevalence decreases with increasing education level of the household head Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ghrelin and leptin in the regulation of energy balance according to the text?

Ghrelin and leptin are involved in the regulation of energy balance as short-term and long-term factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of genetics on weight gain and obesity according to the text?

Genes that affect weight gain and increase 'risk' for obesity are polygenic and influence behavior, food preference, and activity levels Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Obesity and Its Causes

7 million children and adolescents aged 2-19 years have obesity, with prevalence almost tripling since 1980
Childhood obesity prevalence decreases with increasing education level of the household head
Obesity prevalence in children is lower in highest income groups, highlighting health disparities
The top-selling clothing size for women jumped from size 8 to size 14 in less than 20 years
Changes in the food system, such as nutrition transition, ultra-processed foods, and technology shift, have driven obesity rates
Portions have significantly grown over time, with adults consuming an average of 300 more calories per day than in 1985
The USDA has introduced new requirements for serving sizes and nutrition labels, including the inclusion of added sugars and multiple serving settings
Energy is measured in kilocalories (kcal) and not all foods are created equal in terms of energy density
The energy density of foods is impacted by water, air, and fiber content, as well as macronutrient proportion
Factors contributing to obesity include genetics, environmental and social elements, and behavior
Regulation of energy balance involves short-term and long-term factors, such as ghrelin and leptin
Genes that affect weight gain and increase "risk" for obesity are polygenic and influence behavior, food preference, and activity levels

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Description

Test your knowledge on the causes of obesity with this informative quiz. Explore factors such as nutrition, lifestyle, genetics, and societal influences that contribute to the rising prevalence of obesity in children and adults.