The Burning of Washington: A British View

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Questions and Answers

What immediate action did the troops take after being fired upon?

They set up defensive positions in the area.

They advanced into the town and retaliated. (correct)

They retreated immediately to their bases.

They sought to negotiate a truce.

Which items were destroyed by the troops in their rampage?

Senatehouse, military arsenals, and weaponry. (correct)

Only government buildings and houses.

Military supplies and personal belongings of civilians.

The homes of high-ranking officials only.

What method was used to destroy the cannons?

They were crushed under heavy machinery.

One cannon was used to fire upon the others. (correct)

They were buried in the ground to prevent use.

They were melted down in a furnace.

What occurred as a result of the powder magazines being set on fire?

They exploded, causing significant destruction. Signup and view all the answers

How did the general populace within the army react to the shooting?

They were unanimously angered and called for vengeance. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary objective of the British forces during their advance towards Washington, D.C.?

To lay the city under contribution and return to shipping Signup and view all the answers

How does the author justify the British actions in Washington?

By arguing that mercy was shown in the form of monetary demands Signup and view all the answers

What reason did General Ross have for not immediately entering Washington, D.C.?

He wanted to negotiate terms with the Americans first Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the passage, which of the following best describes the perspective of the British army?

They viewed their actions as justified by the codes of wartime conduct. Signup and view all the answers

What potential consequence was the British army aware of if the Americans rejected their terms?

The British would lose potential loot and gain nothing Signup and view all the answers

What action was taken concerning government property during the events described?

A noble library and national archives were destroyed. Signup and view all the answers

How did the British troops conduct themselves regarding private property?

They spared all private property except in one instance. Signup and view all the answers

What was the general atmosphere as the army advanced towards Washington?

Illuminated by the reflections of various fires. Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon disrupted the troops' bivouac during the night?

A violent thunderstorm. Signup and view all the answers

What unfortunate event occurred shortly before the army began its march towards Washington?

The battle concluded after nightfall. Signup and view all the answers

Which visual aspect was noted as striking as the troops advanced?

The sight of burning structures illuminating the road. Signup and view all the answers

How were the regiments affected while preparing to move following the battle?

They could not move until it was completely dark. Signup and view all the answers

What was the soldiers' initial reaction to the bivouac conditions?

They found it agreeable due to mild weather. Signup and view all the answers

Which building is specifically mentioned as being burned?

St. Sebastian's. Signup and view all the answers

What emotional tone is conveyed regarding the actions taken by the British troops?

They displayed commendable restraint and humanity. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Burning of Washington: A British Perspective

General Ross's troops marched to Washington, D.C. aiming to levy a contribution rather than occupy the city permanently, in accordance with the practices of war at the time.
- This involved the expectation that the Americans would pay in lieu of the conquerors taking public property as spoils, thereby allowing the army to move on.
The British troops were met with hostility by the Americans who fired on a flag of truce attempting to negotiate.
- This sparked outrage and the subsequent burning, destruction, and looting of Washington, D.C., with the American troops being driven from the city.
This destruction targeted government facilities, including the Senate House, the President’s Mansion (future White House), and a sizable dockyard with an arsenal.
- In addition, military supplies including cannon, ammunition, and firearms were set on fire or disabled.
The British destroyed not only government property but also burned a library, print offices, and the archives, sparking debate and condemnation for unwarranted excess.
- The extent of the destruction has been a subject of debate with some lauding the British troops' restraint in sparing private property.
While the troops were actively destroying the city, the citizens of Washington, D.C., fled in terror and confusion.
- The chaotic escape culminated in the President, James Madison, escaping, and ordering the destruction of a bridge over the Potomac River to prevent further pursuit.
- This left those who remained in the city facing the victor’s mercy.
The account concludes with the British soldiers enjoying a lavish meal prepared for the American officers in the abandoned house of President Madison, before torching it.
- This demonstrates the contrasting experiences of the victors and the defeated in the war.

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Description

Explore the events surrounding the burning of Washington, D.C. from a British perspective during the War of 1812. This quiz delves into General Ross's military strategies, the American response, and the aftermath of the destruction. Test your knowledge of this significant historical event.