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Questions and Answers
During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, which English explorer became the first to sail around the world?
During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, which English explorer became the first to sail around the world?
In which century did the British Empire reach its height, covering over 20% of the world's land area and more than 400 million people?
In which century did the British Empire reach its height, covering over 20% of the world's land area and more than 400 million people?
What was the name of the English company established in 1600 for overseas commercial and trade interests?
What was the name of the English company established in 1600 for overseas commercial and trade interests?
Which European country had a large colonial empire in the Americas during the late 1500s?
Which European country had a large colonial empire in the Americas during the late 1500s?
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After making peace with which country did England attempt further exploration and colonization in the Americas in 1604?
After making peace with which country did England attempt further exploration and colonization in the Americas in 1604?
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Where was the first real venture of English colonization in the Americas in the late 16th century?
Where was the first real venture of English colonization in the Americas in the late 16th century?
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What was the main economic policy driving the establishment of Britain's first empire?
What was the main economic policy driving the establishment of Britain's first empire?
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Which region was the center of Britain's first empire in the 17th and 18th centuries?
Which region was the center of Britain's first empire in the 17th and 18th centuries?
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When did India come under direct British rule?
When did India come under direct British rule?
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What company played a significant role in England's presence in India during the 17th century?
What company played a significant role in England's presence in India during the 17th century?
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What act was passed by the English parliament in 1651 to regulate imports into English harbors and colonies?
What act was passed by the English parliament in 1651 to regulate imports into English harbors and colonies?
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What was the intention behind establishing colonies under the mercantilist system?
What was the intention behind establishing colonies under the mercantilist system?
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What were the colonies primarily used as under the mercantilist system?
What were the colonies primarily used as under the mercantilist system?
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What drove England to closely regulate the affairs of its colonies?
What drove England to closely regulate the affairs of its colonies?
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What type of ships were stipulated by the Navigation Act to carry imports into English harbors and colonies?
What type of ships were stipulated by the Navigation Act to carry imports into English harbors and colonies?
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What was an important factor in England's establishment of its first empire?
What was an important factor in England's establishment of its first empire?
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Where was the first permanent English settlement in New England established?
Where was the first permanent English settlement in New England established?
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Which colony was based on the principle of religious toleration?
Which colony was based on the principle of religious toleration?
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In which year was New Amsterdam seized from the Netherlands and renamed New York?
In which year was New Amsterdam seized from the Netherlands and renamed New York?
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Who formed the colony of Pennsylvania under a royal grant in 1681?
Who formed the colony of Pennsylvania under a royal grant in 1681?
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What was impossible due to the distances involved in governing the colonies from England?
What was impossible due to the distances involved in governing the colonies from England?
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Under what royal grant was the colony of Pennsylvania formed?
Under what royal grant was the colony of Pennsylvania formed?
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What conflict led to the capture of French American possessions of Acadia and Newfoundland by British forces?
What conflict led to the capture of French American possessions of Acadia and Newfoundland by British forces?
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Which event established Britain’s territorial presence in the Mediterranean Sea for the first time?
Which event established Britain’s territorial presence in the Mediterranean Sea for the first time?
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What was accomplished by the Peace of Utrecht in 1713?
What was accomplished by the Peace of Utrecht in 1713?
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Which English colony was the first to be taken by force from a rival country?
Which English colony was the first to be taken by force from a rival country?
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What did the Royal Africa Company, formed in 1672, primarily aim to bring to the Caribbean?
What did the Royal Africa Company, formed in 1672, primarily aim to bring to the Caribbean?
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What was the primary economic activity that transformed the West Indies into a plantation economy based on slavery?
What was the primary economic activity that transformed the West Indies into a plantation economy based on slavery?
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During which conflict were Spanish possessions acknowledged to be under English control in the Caribbean?
During which conflict were Spanish possessions acknowledged to be under English control in the Caribbean?
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Which type of labor force was initially provided by white indentured servants from England in the West Indies?
Which type of labor force was initially provided by white indentured servants from England in the West Indies?
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What was England's first foothold in the West Indies?
What was England's first foothold in the West Indies?
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Which war led to the establishment of the Hudson’s Bay Company near Hudson Bay for participation in the fur trade?
Which war led to the establishment of the Hudson’s Bay Company near Hudson Bay for participation in the fur trade?
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Study Notes
Key Explorers and Empires
- Sir Francis Drake became the first English explorer to sail around the world during Queen Elizabeth I's reign.
- The British Empire reached its peak in the 19th century, covering over 20% of the world's land and more than 400 million people.
Trade and Colonial Ventures
- The English East India Company was established in 1600 for overseas trade and commerce.
- Spain had a large colonial empire in the Americas during the late 1500s.
- Following peace with Spain, England pursued further exploration and colonization in the Americas in 1604.
Early Colonization
- The first real venture of English colonization in the Americas occurred in Roanoke in the late 16th century.
- Mercantilism was the main economic policy driving the establishment of Britain's first empire.
Geographical Focus and Policies
- The center of Britain's first empire in the 17th and 18th centuries was the Caribbean.
- Direct British rule in India began in 1858.
Trading Companies and Regulations
- The East India Company significantly influenced England's presence in India during the 17th century.
- The Navigation Act of 1651 regulated imports into English harbors and colonies to strengthen mercantilism.
Mercantilism and Colonial Management
- Colonies under the mercantilist system were primarily used as sources of raw materials.
- England closely regulated colonies to build wealth and maintain control.
Transport and Trade Regulations
- The Navigation Act mandated that only English ships could carry imports to English harbors and colonies.
- An important factor in establishing England's first empire was its pursuit of trade routes and resources.
Early Settlements and Religious Foundations
- The first permanent English settlement in New England was established at Jamestown in 1607.
- The colony of Rhode Island was based on the principle of religious toleration.
Territorial Changes and Conflict
- New Amsterdam was seized from the Netherlands and renamed New York in 1664.
- William Penn formed the colony of Pennsylvania under a royal grant in 1681.
Challenges of Governance
- Due to vast distances, direct governance from England to the colonies was impractical.
Wars and Treaties
- The capture of French possessions of Acadia and Newfoundland was a result of conflicts in North America.
- The event that established Britain’s territorial presence in the Mediterranean Sea for the first time was the capture of Gibraltar in 1704.
- The Peace of Utrecht in 1713 resulted in territorial gains for Britain in North America and the West Indies.
Economic Enterprises and Labor
- The Royal Africa Company aimed to bring enslaved Africans to the Caribbean starting in 1672.
- Sugar cultivation transformed the West Indies into a plantation economy based on slavery.
- Acknowledgment of Spanish possessions in the Caribbean under English control occurred during the War of Jenkins' Ear (1739-1748).
Labor Systems in Colonies
- Initially, the labor force in the West Indies was comprised of white indentured servants from England.
- England's first foothold in the West Indies was the colony of Barbados, established in 1627.
Fur Trade
- The establishment of the Hudson’s Bay Company near Hudson Bay for the fur trade was a result of the French and Indian War (1754-1763).
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Description
Test your knowledge about the early signs and establishment of the British Empire from the late 1500s to the early 1900s. Explore the dominions, colonies, and territories under British rule and its global influence.
