The Big Bang Theory and Its Origins

<p>The planets were formed from the remnants of the nebula that didn't form the sun. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It explains the regular patterns in planetary motions within the solar system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protoplanet Hypothesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nebula underwent fragmentation into protoplanets. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They developed denser cores surrounded by atmospheres of lighter gases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rotation speed was proportional to the distance from the center of the nebula. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Dust Cloud Theory is more focused on the initial composition of the nebula, while the Protoplanet Hypothesis focuses on its evolution. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10% of the sun's mass. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interactions between gas molecules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sunlight driving photosynthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for the movement of molecules necessary for chemical reactions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A planet with a surface temperature of 1000°C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Time allows for the formation of complex molecules. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Life has adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deep-water vents produce energy through chemical reactions, while sunlight relies on photosynthesis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scientists are still debating the potential limits of life and the diversity of environments where it might exist. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Big Bang Theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A hot, dense mass (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Georges Lemaitre (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The movement of galaxies away from each other (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Expanding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The universe quickly contracted and collapsed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Big Bang Theory is believed to be the origin of the universe, from which stars and galaxies later formed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The heat emanating from the Earth's core (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Molten (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>100 kilometers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its viscosity changes based on the applied stress. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The differentiation of materials during the Earth's formation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above are correct. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Silicate rocks only (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Differentiation of materials during the Earth's formation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The existence of liquid water is essential for life as we know it, and habitable zones are the most favourable environments for this condition. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above are important properties of water that contribute to the existence of life. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The oceans would eventually freeze completely, making the existence of life as we know it impossible. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above factors contribute to the impact of a star's age on the possibility of life on its orbiting planets. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plate tectonics is responsible for the recycling of nutrients and the generation of volcanic activity, which is essential for life. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above factors are crucial for a planet to be considered potentially habitable. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The emergence of life is relatively quick, but the evolution of complex life forms takes significantly longer. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above factors contribute to Venus being an unlikely host for life. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The theory that the solar system formed from a nebula of gas and dust.

Suggests planets formed from materials removed from the sun by tidal forces of a passing star.

Types of radiation emitted by the sun that can influence planetary formation.

Early forms of planets that were primarily composed of gases during the solar system's formation.

The gravitational effects of a star causing gas and materials to be displaced from the sun.

The distinct regions of the Earth formed during its creation.

Planets formed from heavier materials, including Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.

Larger planets made of lighter materials, like Jupiter and Saturn.

The dense layer of Earth composed of molten silicate rocks, in constant motion.

The movement of molten rock in the mantle due to core heating.

Varies with depth, from cool near the surface to hot and plastic below.

A material that behaves like both solid and liquid under pressure.

The outer mantle is hard and cool; below it becomes soft and flows slowly.

A cosmological model explaining the universe's origin from a singular explosive event.

Belgian priest who proposed the Big Bang Theory in the 1920s.

A major explosive event believed to be the cause of the universe's origin.

The portion of the universe we can observe from Earth.

Observation indicating that galaxies are receding from each other, supporting the Big Bang.

The initial dense mass from which the universe is theorized to have originated.

The process by which the universe cooled down over billions of years, forming structures.

The ongoing process of the universe growing in size since the Big Bang.

A theory proposing that the solar system formed from a nebula of gas and dust in 1945.

The nebula is mainly composed of hydrogen and helium, with only 1% heavier elements.

Originally 10% of the sun's mass, or about one hundred times the mass of current planets and satellites.

The nebula flattened due to its rotation, causing faster gas movement near the sun.

Faster-moving gas molecules near the sun caused lighter ones to escape from the nebula.

Proposed by Kuoper in 1949, suggesting a massive nebula broke into protoplanets upon contraction.

Protoplanets remained stable in the sun's tidal field as they formed.

As protoplanets contracted, they developed denser cores surrounded by lighter gas atmospheres.

Water can dissolve many substances, making it a universal solvent.

Ice is less dense than liquid water, allowing it to float.

If ice sank when frozen, it could freeze all water, halting life reactions.

Areas around stars where conditions allow liquid water to exist.

Earth is approximately 4.6 billion years old.

Life on Earth may have evolved in about 1.1 billion years.

Multicellular animals appeared around 600 million years ago.

Plate tectonics may be vital for a planet to host life.

The biosphere is the global sum of all ecosystems, including living organisms from bacteria to whales.

Life requires energy to exist and grow; it can come from various sources like the Sun or deep-water vents.

Photosynthesis is the process where plants convert sunlight into energy, creating nutrients for other life.

A liquid solvent, like water, is essential for life as it allows molecules to interact and react.

Nutrients are substances that provide nourishment essential for growth and maintenance of life.

Some organisms live in extreme environments, thriving in conditions like high heat or pressure.

Chemosynthesis is a process where organisms use chemicals from their environment to produce energy, instead of sunlight.

There is ongoing debate about the constraints that limit where and how life can exist on Earth and beyond.