The Bessemer Process and the Second Industrial Revolution

What was the primary innovation that enabled the mechanization of industry during the Second Industrial Revolution?

The invention of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell
The creation of the light bulb by Thomas Edison
The development of the Bessemer steel process by Henry Bessemer (correct)
The introduction of mass production techniques by George Westinghouse

Which of the following best describes the impact of the Second Industrial Revolution on American wages, wealth, and GDP?

They rose at the fastest rate in the nation's history (correct)
They increased at a slow pace compared to other nations
They decreased due to oversupply of goods
They remained stagnant during that period

Who was instrumental in revolutionizing steel production during the Second Industrial Revolution?

Thomas Edison
George Westinghouse
Henry Bessemer (correct)
Alexander Graham Bell

What effect did the Bessemer steel process have on labor in factories?

It resulted in masses of unskilled laborers working with machines (C) Signup and view all the answers

Who were some well-known inventors during the period of the Second Industrial Revolution?

Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, George Westinghouse (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the key changes in labor force composition due to industrial advancements during the Second Industrial Revolution?

Rise in unskilled labor performing repetitive tasks (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the key change in the relationship between management and labor that was brought about by scientific management?

Workers' pay became tied to their output rather than the time they put in. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a key principle of scientific management as described in the text?

Allowing workers to determine their own work methods and pace. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How did the rise of large corporations during the Second Industrial Revolution impact consumer choice and competition?

It decreased consumer choice and competition through the use of anti-competitive organizational structures. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of horizontal integration as described in the text?

A gas station company buying out all of its competitors in a certain area. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of vertical integration as described in the text?

A company that owns oil wells, a refinery, transportation, and gas stations. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of scientific management as described in the text?

To make factories more efficient and productive. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the main consequence of the rise of large corporations and their use of anti-competitive organizational structures during the Second Industrial Revolution?

It decreased consumer choice and increased prices. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How did the Supreme Court's treatment of corporations as individuals impact the rise of large corporations during the Second Industrial Revolution?

It allowed corporations to gain more rights and protections, enabling their growth. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary factor that enabled mass production during the Second Industrial Revolution?

The Bessemer process for inexpensive steel production (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the impact of the Second Industrial Revolution on the American labor force?

Factories employed masses of unskilled workers for repetitive tasks (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was a key consequence of the rise of large corporations during the Second Industrial Revolution?

Emergence of anti-competitive organizational structures (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the Second Industrial Revolution is NOT supported by the text?

It led to the widespread adoption of renewable energy sources (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the shift towards a new management style during the Second Industrial Revolution?

The need to manage large workforces of unskilled laborers (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the impact of the Bessemer steel process?

It allowed for the mechanization of industry and mass production (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary factor that drove the rapid growth in American wages, wealth, and GDP during the Second Industrial Revolution?

The mass production of consumer and industrial goods (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the key principles Frederick Taylor identified in scientific management to make factory workers more efficient?

Streamlining every process in a factory (D) Signup and view all the answers

How did scientific management change the nature of factory work according to the text?

By dehumanizing unskilled labor (C) Signup and view all the answers

What did the Second Industrial Revolution lead large corporations to do in order to control the market against free competition?

Implement horizontal integration strategies (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why did some large corporations during the Second Industrial Revolution resort to horizontal integration?

To eliminate competitors and control the market (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of vertical integration as described in the text?

To streamline the production line within one company (D) Signup and view all the answers

How did pools differ from trusts as anti-competitive tools used by corporations during the Second Industrial Revolution?

Pools aimed at fair competition, while trusts aimed at monopolies. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of corporations resorting to horizontal integration during the Second Industrial Revolution?

Reduced consumer choices (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the negative impacts of scientific management on workers according to the text?

Treated workers as mere machines with timed movements (C) Signup and view all the answers