The Bell Curve Controversy: Race and Intelligence

<p>Competition might be ineffective in driving out discriminatory firms in certain markets. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Taste-based models assume prejudice while statistical models assume rational generalizations about race. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inclination to discriminate against certain racial groups based on prejudice or preference. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Employers may engage in statistical discrimination and make assumptions about productivity based on race. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Employee satisfaction and morale. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The increasing distribution of opportunities and resources based on merit rather than class or social status. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The authors argued that racial differences in intelligence are at least partially due to genetic differences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Critics argued that the authors' claims were based on flawed research and highlighted the influence of environmental factors on intelligence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They believed that while genes play a role, the exact extent of their influence was unknown. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They argued that the book failed to adequately account for the influence of social class and education on individuals' intelligence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The authors' use of outdated scientific data to support their claims. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They suggest that earlier scholars attempted to explain racial differences in intelligence through biological explanations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The passage highlights the difficulty of explaining persistent inequality, as different interpretations and approaches exist. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Market imperfections leading to discriminatory preferences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They lead to hiring practices that favor non-minority groups (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They impose costs that may lead to a competitive disadvantage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic predispositions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unplanned urban development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>None has provided a completely satisfying answer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Government interventions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Taste for discrimination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subconscious bias (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assess the strength of implicit racial biases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both self-identified whites and blacks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As evidence of implicit bias (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It solely measures people's familiarity with stereotypes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Events like affirmative action or a black president's election (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pairing racial categories with pleasant or unpleasant emotions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They demonstrated a bias in favor of whites against blacks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IAT scores vary when the same person takes the test under different circumstances. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IAT scores predict the quality of resumes assessed by employers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resumes with ethnically varied names were sent to employers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A 'culture of poverty' exists leading to persistent inequality. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A lifestyle that can be inherited and passed through families. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Implicit bias may also influence more thoughtful judgments. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The disintegration of the traditional family structure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There was a lack of empirical evidence for its existence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were less likely to call back candidates with Muslim-sounding names. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The indicators of the culture of poverty were overly factual. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early initiation into sexual activity and high divorce rates. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As a practical response to danger and violence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It measures something important related to ongoing discrimination. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can be risky and thus are avoided. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It declined in popularity but remained present. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unemployment and underemployment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Early theories suggesting genetics determine racial gaps have been discredited.

A variety of explanations exist for persistent racial disparities in society.

Economists argue racial gaps persist due to taste-based discrimination in imperfect markets.

Employers may prefer not to hire certain racial groups due to irrational prejudices.

The economist suggested market forces would eliminate discrimination if perfect competition existed.

When markets do not operate optimally, allowing discrimination to persist.

In theory, they should eliminate tastes for discrimination over time.

Discriminating practices incur costs that should theoretically drive employers out of the market.

A controversial book by Herrnstein and Murray arguing intelligence divides are widening.

Highly intelligent individuals who have more opportunities.

Variations in intelligence scores among different racial groups.

The assertion that genetics play a role in racial IQ differences.

The backlash against the book's claims, questioning its scientific basis.

The impact of social conditions and education on IQ scores.

Factors that may affect intelligence beyond genetics.

Using science to back ideological beliefs, as criticized in The Bell Curve.

The automatic and unconscious beliefs about others based on their race.

A test that measures implicit biases by analyzing reaction times to categorization tasks.

The process of classifying individuals based on their race.

The speed at which subjects react to categorization tasks in the IAT.

Using the difference in response times to indicate implicit bias favoring one group over another.

Generalized beliefs about a group that can lead to bias and discrimination.

Knowledge and understanding of cultural stereotypes that may influence IAT results.

The prominence of one racial identity in the context of categorization.

The practice of favoring one group over another in the hiring process based on race or ethnicity.

An ideal market where all players are rational and transactions happen without barriers.

Firms that hire workers based on merit, not race or ethnicity, leading to lower operational costs.

The preference of some employers to avoid hiring certain racial groups, which can persist in the market.

A theory suggesting employers exclude certain workers based on perceived productivity differences.

Employers make assumptions about a worker's productivity based on race or gender generalizations.

The influence of employer's connections on their perception of worker productivity, often favoring white workers.

Real-world elements that affect discrimination, such as market competition and demographics.

Unconscious attitudes or stereotypes that affect understanding, actions, and decisions.

A psychological test measuring implicit biases through reaction times.

Careful and intentional decision-making process, involving analysis and thought.

IAT scores can predict employer biases in assessing resumes.

A theory suggesting a subculture develops among the poor, perpetuating poverty.

Anthropologist who proposed the 'culture of poverty' theory.

Unfair treatment based on an individual's race or ethnicity.

The process by which employers reach out to candidates after reviewing resumes.

A controversial 1960s report linking poverty in blacks to family structure issues.

Refers to the breakdown of traditional family relationships in urban ghettos.

Factors such as unemployment and underemployment highlighted in poverty discussions.

Challenges to defining and proving a culture of poverty passed down generationally.

Behavioral adaptations seen as logical in the context of poverty, not pathological.

The practice of distancing from outside networks due to living conditions.

A sociologist who argued that isolation in violent neighborhoods is a rational choice.