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Questions and Answers
How many bones are in the axial skeleton?
How many bones are in the axial skeleton?
True or False: The appendicular skeleton has more bones than the axial skeleton.
True or False: The appendicular skeleton has more bones than the axial skeleton.
True
What are the five regions of the vertebral column?
What are the five regions of the vertebral column?
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccygeal
The axial skeleton primarily functions to support and protect _____ and to attach to muscles.
The axial skeleton primarily functions to support and protect _____ and to attach to muscles.
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Match the types of ribs with their characteristics:
Match the types of ribs with their characteristics:
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How many bones are present in the human skull?
How many bones are present in the human skull?
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The hyoid bone is part of the axial skeleton.
The hyoid bone is part of the axial skeleton.
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What is the total number of ribs in the human body?
What is the total number of ribs in the human body?
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The ___________ skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.
The ___________ skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.
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Which of the following is not part of the appendicular skeleton?
Which of the following is not part of the appendicular skeleton?
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Match the following components of the axial skeleton with their respective counts:
Match the following components of the axial skeleton with their respective counts:
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There are only 80 bones in the axial skeleton.
There are only 80 bones in the axial skeleton.
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How many vertebrae are in the human vertebral column?
How many vertebrae are in the human vertebral column?
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What is the total number of bones in the adult human skeleton?
What is the total number of bones in the adult human skeleton?
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The thoracic cage protects the organs in the abdominal cavity.
The thoracic cage protects the organs in the abdominal cavity.
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How many cervical vertebrae are there in the human spine?
How many cervical vertebrae are there in the human spine?
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The ________ contains pads of fibrocartilage that absorb shocks between the vertebral bodies.
The ________ contains pads of fibrocartilage that absorb shocks between the vertebral bodies.
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Match the following components of the vertebral column with their descriptions:
Match the following components of the vertebral column with their descriptions:
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Which part of the skull is primarily responsible for protecting the brain?
Which part of the skull is primarily responsible for protecting the brain?
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The vertebral canal encloses the spinal cord.
The vertebral canal encloses the spinal cord.
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What is the primary function of the thoracic cage?
What is the primary function of the thoracic cage?
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Which section of the skeleton allows for movement and manipulation of objects?
Which section of the skeleton allows for movement and manipulation of objects?
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The female pelvis is generally heavier and has more prominent muscle attachments compared to the male pelvis.
The female pelvis is generally heavier and has more prominent muscle attachments compared to the male pelvis.
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What is the main function of the ribs?
What is the main function of the ribs?
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The longest and heaviest bone in the body is the __________.
The longest and heaviest bone in the body is the __________.
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Match the parts of the pectoral girdle with their descriptions:
Match the parts of the pectoral girdle with their descriptions:
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What type of ribs are classified as 'floating ribs'?
What type of ribs are classified as 'floating ribs'?
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The sternum is a flat bone that is located in the lateral part of the thoracic cage.
The sternum is a flat bone that is located in the lateral part of the thoracic cage.
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What are the two bones that comprise the forearm?
What are the two bones that comprise the forearm?
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The __________ attaches to the diaphragm and the rectus abdominus.
The __________ attaches to the diaphragm and the rectus abdominus.
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the thoracic cage?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the thoracic cage?
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Study Notes
The Axial Skeleton
- Includes the longitudinal axis of the body, consisting of 80 bones.
- Contains the vertebrae, skull, face, ribs, and sternum.
- Functions:
- Supports and protects internal organs.
- Provides attachment sites for muscles.
- Facilitates respiration.
- Supports the appendicular skeleton.
The Skull
- Consists of 22 bones: 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones.
- Cranial bones:
- House and protect the brain.
- Form the bony structure surrounding the brain.
- Facial bones:
- Shape the face.
- Form the "front porch" of the skull.
- Some bones contain air-filled sinuses:
- Reduce weight.
- Mucus membranes moisten and cleanse air.
- Resonate for speech production.
The Vertebral Column
- Also known as the spine, it protects the spinal cord, supports the head and body, and has 4 spinal curves:
- Cervical: develops after standing and balancing.
- Thoracic: primary accommodates organs.
- Lumbar: develops after standing.
- Sacral: primary accommodates organs.
The Vertebrae
- The vertebral column comprises 26 bones:
- 24 vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx.
- 7 cervical vertebrae: support the neck.
- 12 thoracic vertebrae: support the upper back and each articulate with one or more pairs of ribs.
- 5 lumbar vertebrae: support the lower back.
- Sacrum: articulates with the 5th lumbar vertebra.
- Coccyx: articulates with the sacrum.
Structure of a Vertebra
- The articular processes have facets on articular faces.
- The shape of the vertebrae changes from superior to inferior.
Vertebral Components
- Intervertebral disks:
- Pads of fibrocartilage separating the vertebral bodies.
- Absorb shocks.
- Vertebral canal:
- Houses the spinal cord.
- Encloses the spinal cord.
- Vertebral foraminae:
- Gaps between adjacent vertebrae.
- Allow for nerve connections.
The Thoracic Cage
- The skeleton of the chest, supporting the thoracic cavity.
- Consists of:
- Thoracic vertebrae.
- Ribs and costal cartilages.
- Sternum (breastbone).
- Functions:
- Protects organs.
- Attaches muscles involved in respiration, pectoral girdle, upper limbs, and vertebral column.
The Ribs & Sternum
- Functions:
- Absorb shocks.
- Provide flexibility and mobility.
- Support breathing by altering the width and depth of the thoracic cage.
- Sternum:
- Flat bone in the midline of the chest wall.
- Xiphoid process attaches to the diaphragm and rectus abdominus.
The Appendicular Skeleton
- Allows us to move and manipulate objects.
- Includes all bones besides the axial skeleton:
- The limbs (arms and legs).
- The supportive girdles (pectoral and pelvic).
The Pectoral Girdle
- Also called the shoulder girdle – connects the arms to the body.
- Functions:
- Positions shoulders.
- Provides a base for arm movement.
- Consists of:
- 2 clavicles (collar bones).
- 2 scapulae (shoulder blades).
- Connects with the axial skeleton only at the manubrium.
The Upper Limbs
- Composed of arms, forearms, wrists, and hands.
- Humerus: the single bone composing the arm (brachium).
The Forearm & Wrist
- Forearm (antebrachium) consists of:
- 2 long bones: ulna (medial) and radius (lateral).
- Wrist:
- 8 carpal bones (4 proximal and 4 distal).
- Allows wrist to bend and twist.
The Pelvic Girdle
- Made of two hipbones (ossa coxae).
- Provides strength to bear body weight and stress of movement.
- Forms part of the pelvis.
The Lower Limbs
- Functions:
- Weight bearing.
- Motion.
- Major bones:
- Femur (thigh).
- Patella (kneecap).
- Tibia and fibula (leg).
- Tarsals (ankle).
- Metatarsals (foot).
- Phalanges (toes).
Femur, Tibia & Fibula
- Femur: the longest and heaviest bone in the body.
- Tibia and Fibula: the two bones composing the leg.
Summary
- Axial skeleton: supports the head and body, protects internal organs; Includes the vertebral column, vertebral structure and thoracic cage.
- Appendicular skeleton: for movement, includes pectoral & pelvic girdle, arms and legs.
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Description
Explore the components and functions of the axial skeleton, including its role in supporting and protecting internal organs. This quiz covers the anatomy of the skull, vertebral column, and the overall significance of these structures in the human body.
