The Autonomic Nervous System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

  • Parasympathetic
  • Sympathetic (correct)
  • Gastrointestinal
  • Enteric

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'rest and digest' response?

  • Sympathetic
  • Enteric
  • Parasympathetic (correct)
  • Gastrointestinal

What neurotransmitter is activated by the parasympathetic preganglionic fibers?

  • Dopamine (DA)
  • Epinephrine (Epi)
  • Norepinephrine (NE)
  • Acetylcholine (ACh) (correct)

Which neurotransmitter is released by postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system?

<p>Norepinephrine (NE) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

<p>Sympathetic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the preganglionic cell bodies located in the parasympathetic nervous system?

<p>S2-S4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptor is activated by acetylcholine in the autonomic nervous system?

<p>mAChR (G-protein-coupled receptor) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the sympathetic nervous system?

<p>It increases heart rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the adrenal medulla in the sympathetic nervous system?

<p>It secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood stream (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common misconception about the autonomic nervous system?

<p>Activation of parasympathetic reduces cardiac contractility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the vagus nerve in the autonomic nervous system?

<p>It is responsible for therapeutic effects of vagal nerve stimulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of the enteric nervous system in relation to the autonomic nervous system?

<p>It is involved in gastrointestinal function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the primary cell bodies located in the parasympathetic nervous system?

<p>In the brainstem and sacral spinal cord (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is released by postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system?

<p>Norepinephrine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is released by postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system?

<p>Acetylcholine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptor is activated by nAChR in the autonomic nervous system?

<p>Ligand-gated ion channel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general function of the prevertebral ganglia in the sympathetic nervous system?

<p>Regulate glands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the preganglionic cell bodies located in the sympathetic nervous system?

<p>IML column T1-L2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common misconception about the autonomic nervous system?

<p>Baroreceptors are pressure sensors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the sympathetic nervous system?

<p>It increases sweat gland secretion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the adrenal medulla in the sympathetic nervous system?

<p>It releases epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

<p>Relaxes bladder/contracts sphincter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Sympathetic Nervous System

The branch of the autonomic nervous system responsible for "fight or flight" responses. It activates responses that prepare the body for danger, such as increased heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

The branch of the autonomic nervous system responsible for "rest and digest" responses. It promotes relaxation, digestion, and energy conservation.

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A neurotransmitter that triggers the activation of parasympathetic nerves, promoting relaxation and digestion.

Norepinephrine (NE)

A neurotransmitter that activates sympathetic nerves, initiating the 'fight or flight' response.

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S2-S4

The location where the cell bodies of parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are located.

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mAChR (Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor)

A type of receptor activated by acetylcholine in the autonomic nervous system, belonging to the G-protein coupled receptor family.

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nAChR (Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor)

The type of receptor activated by acetylcholine in the autonomic nervous system, belonging to the ligand-gated ion channel family.

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Increase Heart Rate

A primary function of the sympathetic nervous system is to increase heart rate, preparing the body for action.

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Adrenal Medulla

The adrenal medulla's role is to secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream, amplifying the sympathetic response.

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Vagus Nerve

The vagus nerve, the longest cranial nerve, plays a vital role in the autonomic nervous system. It influences heart rate, digestion, and respiration.

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Enteric Nervous System

A network of nerves in the gastrointestinal system that handles digestion and gut function.

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Brainstem

The primary cell bodies of parasympathetic neurons are located in the brainstem, which controls many vital functions.

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Sacral Spinal Cord

The primary cell bodies of parasympathetic neurons are located in the sacral spinal cord, which controls the lower body.

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IML Column T1-L2

The preganglionic cell bodies of the sympathetic nervous system are located in the intermediolateral cell column (IML) of the spinal cord, specifically from T1 to L2.

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Increases Sweat Gland Secretion

A primary function of the sympathetic nervous system is to increase sweat gland secretion, promoting cooling and thermoregulation.

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Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

The adrenal medulla releases the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream, amplifying the sympathetic response.

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Relaxes Bladder, Contracts Sphincter

One function of the parasympathetic nervous system is to relax bladder muscles and contract the sphincter, helping to control urination.

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Prevertebral Ganglia

The prevertebral ganglia are a group of ganglia located outside the spinal cord, primarily regulating glands.

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Parasympathetic Activation Decreases Cardiac Contractility

It is a common misconception that parasympathetic activation reduces cardiac contractility. However, this is not entirely accurate.

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Baroreceptors Sense Pressure

It is a common misconception that baroreceptors are pressure sensors. However, this is not entirely true. Baroreceptors respond to stretching of the vessel walls, not pressure itself.

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Study Notes

Autonomic Nervous System

  • The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response.
  • The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the 'rest and digest' response.

Neurotransmitters

  • Acetylcholine is activated by parasympathetic preganglionic fibers.
  • Norepinephrine is released by postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system.
  • Acetylcholine is released by postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

  • Preganglionic cell bodies are located in the brain stem and sacral region of the spinal cord.
  • Primary cell bodies are located in the brain stem and sacral region of the spinal cord.

Sympathetic Nervous System

  • The adrenal medulla plays a role in the sympathetic nervous system by releasing epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream.
  • Preganglionic cell bodies are located in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.
  • The general function of the prevertebral ganglia is to integrate and modulate sympathetic responses.

Receptors

  • Muscarinic receptors are activated by acetylcholine in the autonomic nervous system.
  • Nicotinic receptors (nAChR) are activated by acetylcholine in the autonomic nervous system.

Miscellaneous

  • A common misconception about the autonomic nervous system is that it is only involved in involuntary functions, but it also plays a role in emotional and cognitive responses.
  • The vagus nerve plays a key role in regulating the parasympathetic nervous system and is involved in various functions such as heart rate regulation and digestion.
  • The enteric nervous system, often referred to as the 'little brain', is a subdivision of the autonomic nervous system that regulates digestion and gastrointestinal function.

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Test your knowledge of the autonomic nervous system with this quiz! Learn about the fight or flight response, the functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, and more.

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