The Atom: Model Development Quiz

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Who first used the word 'atomos' to describe indivisible particles of matter?

J.J. Thomson

John Dalton

Democritus (correct)

Ernest Rutherford

According to John Dalton's theory, atoms are:

Divisible and destructible

Hard, indivisible, and indestructible spheres (correct)

Composed of electrons embedded in positive material

Orbiting the nucleus in specific energy levels

The Plum Pudding Model of the atom, proposed by J.J. Thomson, describes the atom as:

Indivisible and indestructible spheres

Electrons orbiting the nucleus in distinct, spherical orbits

Positively charged material with electrons embedded within (correct)

A compact nucleus with electrons orbiting around it

Who proposed the Saturnian Model of the atom?

Hantaro Nagaoka Signup and view all the answers

What experiment did Ernest Rutherford conduct to confirm the existence of a compact nucleus?

The Gold Foil experiment Signup and view all the answers

According to Rutherford's Nuclear Model of the atom, what happened to most of the alpha particles sent through the gold foil?

They passed straight through Signup and view all the answers

Who established that electrons move in distinct, spherical orbits with specific energy levels at fixed distances from the nucleus?

Niels Bohr Signup and view all the answers

What experiment was used to observe the energy levels of electrons in atoms?

The Flame Test experiment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following models of the atom describes electrons orbiting the nucleus like the rings of Saturn orbit the planet?

The Saturnian Model Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the development of the atomic model?

Each model built upon and improved the previous model Signup and view all the answers

What would be the average mass of carbon if all carbon atoms were carbon-13?

13 u Signup and view all the answers

If there were a 50/50 mix of carbon-12 and carbon-13, what would be the average mass of all carbon?

12.5 u Signup and view all the answers

If there were 75% carbon-12 and 25% carbon-13, what would be the average mass of all carbon?

12.25 u Signup and view all the answers

What are the actual percentages of carbon-12 and carbon-13 isotopes?

98.93% carbon-12 and 1.07% carbon-13 Signup and view all the answers

What is the atomic mass of carbon listed on the periodic table?

12.01 u Signup and view all the answers

What are the abundances of the two stable lithium isotopes?

92.4% lithium-7 and 7.6% lithium-6 Signup and view all the answers

What is the weighted average atomic mass of lithium?

6.924 u Signup and view all the answers

Bromine has two stable isotopes. Which isotope of bromine is more common?

Bromine-79 Signup and view all the answers

What are the abundances of the two stable chlorine isotopes?

75.8% chlorine-35 and 24.2% chlorine-37 Signup and view all the answers

What is the weighted average atomic mass of chlorine?

35.484 u Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the Bohr model and the quantum mechanical model of the atom?

The Bohr model shows spherical orbits, while the quantum model has complex orbitals Signup and view all the answers

What are nucleons?

Protons and neutrons found within the nucleus Signup and view all the answers

How is the atomic number of an element determined?

By the number of protons in the nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between an anion and a cation?

An anion has more electrons than protons, while a cation has fewer electrons than protons Signup and view all the answers

What does the symbol '$^{63}_{29}$Cu' represent?

An isotope of copper with 29 protons and 63 neutrons Signup and view all the answers

What is the atomic mass of an element?

The weighted average mass of all the stable isotopes of the element Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons are present in a neutral silicon atom?

14 Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge of a magnesium ion with the symbol 'Mg$^{2+}$'?

+2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass number of the isotope '$^{35}_{17}$Cl'?

35 Signup and view all the answers

How can you determine the number of neutrons in an atom from the isotope notation?

Subtract the atomic number from the mass number Signup and view all the answers