The Ancient Wisdom of Atoms

Which ancient Greek philosopher proposed the concept of indivisible particles called atoms?

Who postulated the idea of Parmanu as the smallest particles of matter?

Who laid the foundation of chemical sciences by establishing two important laws of chemical combination?

Who elaborated the doctrine of Parmanu and its combined form in ancient India?

When was the idea of divisibility of matter considered in India?

A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not include ______ which satisfy this criterion. In quantum physics, organic chemistry, and biochemistry, the distinction from ______ is dropped and molecule is often used when referring to polyatomic ______

A molecule may be homonuclear, that is, it consists of ______ of one chemical element, e.g. two ______ in the oxygen molecule (O2); or it may be heteronuclear, a chemical compound composed of more than one element, e.g. water (two hydrogen ______ and one oxygen atom; H2O). In the kinetic theory of gases, the term molecule is often used for any gaseous particle regardless of its composition. This relaxes the requirement that a molecule contains two or more ______, since the noble gases are individual ______

Atoms and complexes connected by non-covalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonds or ionic bonds, are typically not considered single ______

Concepts similar to molecules have been discussed since ancient times, but modern investigation into the nature of molecules and their bonds began in the 17th century. Refined over time by scientists such as Robert Boyle, Amedeo Avogadro, Jean Perrin, and Linus Pauling, the study of molecules is today known as molecular ______

Refined over time by scientists such as Robert Boyle, Amedeo Avogadro, Jean Perrin, and Linus Pauling, the study of molecules is today known as molecular physics or molecular ______