T1 L4: Adaptive immunity 1 (CP)

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Which cells are the lymphocyte components of the adaptive immune system?

Natural killer cells and neutrophils
B cells and T cells (correct)
Eosinophils and basophils
Macrophages and dendritic cells

Where does T cell development complete?

Lymph nodes
Spleen
Thymus (correct)
Bone marrow

What guides lymphocyte development?

Interactions with stromal cells (correct)
Cytokine production
Antigen recognition
Complement activation

What is the main function of CD4+ T helper cells?

Activating B cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do B cells and T cells recognize antigens?

Both A and B (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first signal for B cell activation?

Signal 1: Antigen binding to BCR (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is required for T-dependent B cell activation?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of antigens are usually T-dependent?

Proteins/peptides (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between T-independent and T-dependent B cell activation?

The requirement for antigen recognition by B cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of B cell activation?

Proliferation and differentiation into plasma cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the aim of the lecture?

To explore the components of the adaptive immune system (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the learning outcomes of the lecture?

To understand the inter-dependency of B-cells and T-cells in mounting an effective immune response (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the email address of the lecturer?

<a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a> (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the common stages of B and T cell development?

B and T cell development (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 1st phase of B and T cell development?

To generate a new antigen receptor (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 2nd phase of B and T cell development?

To refine the antigen receptor repertoire (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is positive selection in B and T cell development?

Selection of receptors that recognize self antigen (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is negative selection in B and T cell development?

Deletion of receptors that bind strongly to self antigen (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 3rd phase of B and T cell development?

To test the antigen receptor for antigen recognition (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is clonal selection in B and T cell development?

Generation of effector and memory lymphocytes (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lymphocyte is the lecturer particularly obsessed with?

B lymphocytes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of this morning's lecture?

Introduction to adaptive immunity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the lecturer's area of expertise?

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the lecture series on adaptive immunity?

To explain the interdependency between T and B lymphocytes (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which organ in our body is responsible for the maturation of T cells?

Thymus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate decline in thymic activity post-puberty?

95% (B) Signup and view all the answers

How long is the life expectancy of a naive B cell in the circulation?

A few days (A) Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how many new B cells are produced in our body every day?

5000 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of somatic hypermutation in B cell development?

To adapt the B cell receptor structure through genetic point mutation (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells undergo positive and negative selection during development?

B cells and T cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of B and T cells in the adaptive immune system?

To produce immunological memory (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which two broad classes of T cells are important to remember?

CD4 T helper cells and CD8 cytotoxic T cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary difference between B cells and T cells in terms of antigen recognition?

B cells can recognize native antigen, while T cells cannot (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immune globulin is primarily recognized by B cells that mount a response against simple repetitive antigens?

IgM (D) Signup and view all the answers

How can a naive B cell be distinguished from an antigen-experienced B cell?

By the type of immunoglobulin expressed on their surface (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the response of individuals who mounted a rapid but short-lived immune response to COVID?

They generated IgG responses but lacked long-term memory (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of plasma cells in the adaptive immune response?

To generate immunological memories (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why do higher order organisms rely on an adaptive immune response?

To respond to a vast array of different pathogens (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are responsible for the production of immunoglobulins?

Plasma cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system?

The innate immune system provides a rapid response, while the adaptive immune system is slower (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells express TLR (Toll-like receptors)?

B cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the B cell receptor?

Two heavy chains and two light chains (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antigens can T cells bind?

Peptides displayed in the context of MHC Class I molecules (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the major histocompatibility molecules expressed by antigen presenting cells?

MHC Class I and MHC Class II (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for B cell activation without T cell help?

T-independent B cell activation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the second signal for B cell activation in the context of T-dependent activation?

Pattern recognition of TLR engagement (D) Signup and view all the answers