T1 L4: Adaptive immunity 1 (CP)
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Questions and Answers

Which cells are the lymphocyte components of the adaptive immune system?

  • Natural killer cells and neutrophils
  • B cells and T cells (correct)
  • Eosinophils and basophils
  • Macrophages and dendritic cells

    • Where does T cell development complete?

  • Lymph nodes
  • Spleen
  • Thymus (correct)
  • Bone marrow

    • What guides lymphocyte development?

  • Interactions with stromal cells (correct)
  • Cytokine production
  • Antigen recognition
  • Complement activation

    • What is the main function of CD4+ T helper cells?

    <p>Activating B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do B cells and T cells recognize antigens?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first signal for B cell activation?

    <p>Signal 1: Antigen binding to BCR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for T-dependent B cell activation?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of antigens are usually T-dependent?

    <p>Proteins/peptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between T-independent and T-dependent B cell activation?

    <p>The requirement for antigen recognition by B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of B cell activation?

    <p>Proliferation and differentiation into plasma cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the aim of the lecture?

    <p>To explore the components of the adaptive immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the learning outcomes of the lecture?

    <p>To understand the inter-dependency of B-cells and T-cells in mounting an effective immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the email address of the lecturer?

    <p><a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common stages of B and T cell development?

    <p>B and T cell development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 1st phase of B and T cell development?

    <p>To generate a new antigen receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 2nd phase of B and T cell development?

    <p>To refine the antigen receptor repertoire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is positive selection in B and T cell development?

    <p>Selection of receptors that recognize self antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is negative selection in B and T cell development?

    <p>Deletion of receptors that bind strongly to self antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 3rd phase of B and T cell development?

    <p>To test the antigen receptor for antigen recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is clonal selection in B and T cell development?

    <p>Generation of effector and memory lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lymphocyte is the lecturer particularly obsessed with?

    <p>B lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of this morning's lecture?

    <p>Introduction to adaptive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lecturer's area of expertise?

    <p>Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the lecture series on adaptive immunity?

    <p>To explain the interdependency between T and B lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ in our body is responsible for the maturation of T cells?

    <p>Thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate decline in thymic activity post-puberty?

    <p>95%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long is the life expectancy of a naive B cell in the circulation?

    <p>A few days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately how many new B cells are produced in our body every day?

    <p>5000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of somatic hypermutation in B cell development?

    <p>To adapt the B cell receptor structure through genetic point mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells undergo positive and negative selection during development?

    <p>B cells and T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of B and T cells in the adaptive immune system?

    <p>To produce immunological memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two broad classes of T cells are important to remember?

    <p>CD4 T helper cells and CD8 cytotoxic T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary difference between B cells and T cells in terms of antigen recognition?

    <p>B cells can recognize native antigen, while T cells cannot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immune globulin is primarily recognized by B cells that mount a response against simple repetitive antigens?

    <p>IgM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a naive B cell be distinguished from an antigen-experienced B cell?

    <p>By the type of immunoglobulin expressed on their surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the response of individuals who mounted a rapid but short-lived immune response to COVID?

    <p>They generated IgG responses but lacked long-term memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of plasma cells in the adaptive immune response?

    <p>To generate immunological memories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do higher order organisms rely on an adaptive immune response?

    <p>To respond to a vast array of different pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for the production of immunoglobulins?

    <p>Plasma cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system?

    <p>The innate immune system provides a rapid response, while the adaptive immune system is slower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells express TLR (Toll-like receptors)?

    <p>B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of the B cell receptor?

    <p>Two heavy chains and two light chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antigens can T cells bind?

    <p>Peptides displayed in the context of MHC Class I molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major histocompatibility molecules expressed by antigen presenting cells?

    <p>MHC Class I and MHC Class II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for B cell activation without T cell help?

    <p>T-independent B cell activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second signal for B cell activation in the context of T-dependent activation?

    <p>Pattern recognition of TLR engagement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism that drives diversity in B and T lymphocytes?

    <p>V(D)J recombination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first major step in the development of B and T cells?

    <p>V(D)J recombination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the refinement process of B and T cell receptors?

    <p>Antigen binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is self-recognition important in the immune system?

    <p>To limit cancer growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

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