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By @stephanieharvey

The 1977 San Joaquin Valley Disaster Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What caused the dusty conditions in the San Joaquin Valley in 1977 December 20th?

Strong wind blowing loose topsoil and mustard-colored dust into the sky

What was the impact of the dust plume on the surrounding areas?

It blotted out the sun four counties away and stopped traffic on Highway 5

How far did the dust plume travel from Bakersfield to the north?

Four hundred miles to Sacramento

What marked the end of the drought in Sacramento?

<p>Rain turning the dust to mud, coating cars and sidewalks</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is coccidioidomycosis commonly known as?

<p>Valley fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is Coccidioides immitis found?

<p>The desert south west such as Arizona, Texas, Nevada, New Mexico, and semi arid parts of Central and South America</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the endospores of C. immitis travel in the body?

<p>Through blood and lymph systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for cocci meningitis?

<p>Amphotericin B</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the Cocci endemic?

<p>Desert Southwest and parts of Central and South America</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are C. immitis spores dispersed?

<p>Dry, hot, windy conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of valley fever on its endemic populations compared to other diseases?

<p>Equal to the impact of polio or chicken pox before the vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many cases of valley fever were recorded from 1998 to 2011 according to the Centers for Disease Control?

<p>Tenfold increase in reported cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of infected people are symptomatic?

<p>Forty percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the signs of valley fever compare to the flu?

<p>Hard to distinguish</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common method to administer anti-fungal treatment for valley fever patients?

<p>Base of the skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of climate change on the dispersal of valley fever?

<p>Intensifies dry, hot, windy conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the mother limit for her children?

<p>Outdoor time</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was found on the dashboard inside the car?

<p>A pair of her daughter’s footprints smudged the dust</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Lauer plan to do with the data?

<p>Include only those spots where permission to sample was obtained</p> Signup and view all the answers

What natural disaster affected the San Joaquin Valley in 1977?

<p>Dust storm</p> Signup and view all the answers

How far did the dust plume travel from Bakersfield to Sacramento?

<p>400 miles</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the dust plume on Sacramento?

<p>It created a murky haze</p> Signup and view all the answers

What marked the end of the drought in Sacramento?

<p>Rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of coccidioidomycosis, also known as valley fever?

<p>Inhaling the microscopic spores of Coccidioides immitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when C. immitis spores reach the end of the bronchioles in the lungs?

<p>They lodge deep and circle up into a spherule</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason behind the rise in infections of valley fever?

<p>Stirring up the soil during digging, building, and drilling</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is most susceptible to severe and life-threatening forms of valley fever?

<p>Elderly and immune-compromised individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for cocci meningitis?

<p>Administering an anti-fungal called amphotericin B</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of valley fever on its endemic populations compared to other diseases?

<p>Equal to the impact of polio or chicken pox before the vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is valley fever endemic?

<p>Desert Southwest and semi-arid parts of Central and South America</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common method of contracting valley fever?

<p>Inhaling the spores of C. immitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of infected people who are symptomatic?

<p>Forty percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of valley fever on its endemic populations?

<p>Equal to the impact of polio or chicken pox before the vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of valley fever's impact compared to West Nile virus?

<p>Much more destructive</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the C. immitis fungus found?

<p>In the desert Southwest and semi-arid parts of Central and South America</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of valley fever?

<p>A soil-dwelling fungus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for disseminated cocci meningitis?

<p>Administering anti-fungal medication through spinal taps</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has contributed to the rise of valley fever infections?

<p>Climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does valley fever season in California peak?

<p>Fall</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of population growth in areas like Phoenix on valley fever?

<p>Increases the risk of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes the spread of the valley fever fungus more intense in the region?

<p>Dry, hot, and windy conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of valley fever on policymakers?

<p>It is often ignored by policymakers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the status of a vaccine or cure for severe cases of valley fever?

<p>No vaccine or cure is available</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of C. immitis spores?

<p>Small, easily fragmented, and can lodge deep in the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the geographic range where valley fever is endemic?

<p>Desert Southwest and semi-arid parts of Central and South America</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the long-term health implications of valley fever?

<p>Can cause long-term health problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes coccidioidomycosis, also known as valley fever?

<p>Inhaling microscopic spores of Coccidioides immitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the Coccidioides immitis fungus found?

<p>Bakersfield</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the C. immitis spores reach the end of the bronchioles in the lungs?

<p>They lodge deep and can't be breathed out</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of valley fever on people with weakened immune systems?

<p>It can take over and spread anywhere in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of coccidioidomycosis, also known as valley fever?

<p>Inhaling the microscopic spores of Coccidioides immitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the C. immitis fungus found?

<p>Bakersfield</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the C. immitis spores reach the end of the bronchioles in the lungs?

<p>They lodge deep and can't be breathed out</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the C. immitis fungus spread in the body?

<p>Through the blood and lymph systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Valley Fever: A Deadly Disease Spreading in the Southwest

  • Sacramento County recorded over a hundred cases of valley fever in a few weeks, with six fatalities, a significant increase from previous years.
  • Coccidioides immitis is a soil-dwelling fungus found in Bakersfield, causing valley fever when its spores are inhaled.
  • C. immitis spores are small, easily fragmented, and can lodge deep in the lungs, leading to acute inflammation disrupting blood flow.
  • The disease can spread through the blood and lymph systems and cause long-term health problems, with a small subset of patients suffering from disseminated cocci meningitis.
  • Treatment for cocci meningitis involves administering anti-fungal medication, amphotericin B, through spinal taps, and can be brutal.
  • Valley fever is endemic to the desert Southwest and semi-arid parts of Central and South America, with infections on the rise due to climate change.
  • The disease is often ignored by policymakers despite its significant impact, with a tenfold increase in reported cases from 1998 to 2011.
  • Valley fever is the second most reported disease in Arizona, with no vaccine or cure available for the most severe cases.
  • The elderly, immune-compromised, pregnant women, African-Americans, and Filipinos are most susceptible to severe forms of the disease.
  • The population growth in areas like Phoenix has led to more people without acquired immunity, increasing the risk of infection.
  • Valley fever season in California peaks in the fall, with the fungus notoriously hard to find in the ground, making it difficult to discern patterns of its presence.
  • The disease has been considered an occupational hazard for oil workers, and the spread of the fungus is intensified by dry, hot, and windy conditions in the region.

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