The 1920s in Canada: A Decade of Change
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Questions and Answers

What was significant about the Halibut Treaty signed in 1923?

  • It established a joint defense pact with Britain.
  • It was Canada's first international agreement signed without Britain. (correct)
  • It marked the end of British control over Canadian military.
  • It was Canada’s first trade agreement with the United States.

    • What was the primary outcome of the King-Byng Crisis in 1926?

  • It created a new political party in Canada.
  • It resulted in a constitutional change regarding the Prime Minister's powers.
  • It established direct elections for the Governor General.
  • It highlighted the need for greater political independence from Britain. (correct)

    • What did the 1927 Imperial Conference affirm about Canada?

  • Canada would be governed directly by British Parliament.
  • Canada was to have equal status within the British Empire. (correct)
  • Canada would remain a colony of Britain.
  • Canada's status within the British Empire would be redefined.

    • Which acts formalized Canada's constitutional equality in relation to Britain?

    <p>Balfour Report and Statute of Westminster. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Canada’s refusal to support Britain in the Chanak Crisis in 1922 matter?

    <p>It indicated Canada’s increasing political autonomy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Canadian artists were known for their landscape paintings that showcased the beauty of the country?

    <p>The Group of Seven (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major impact of the economic growth in Canada after the war?

    <p>Rise in consumer culture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant right did Canadian women fight for after the war?

    <p>The right to vote (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which political party emerged as a result of farmers and workers seeking better treatment from the government?

    <p>The Progressive Party (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sport was especially popular in Canada and contributed to national pride in the post-war era?

    <p>Hockey (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the unfair laws imposed on Indigenous peoples during this period?

    <p>Forced attendance in residential schools (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did advertisements play in the lives of Canadians after the war?

    <p>They encouraged consumer spending (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which famous athlete was known for excelling in multiple sports, including hockey and lacrosse?

    <p>Lionel Conacher (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant outcome of the Winnipeg General Strike in 1919?

    <p>It highlighted the growing strength of the labor movement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributed to the economic struggle experienced by many workers and farmers in the 1920s?

    <p>Significant wealth disparities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ultimately led to the Great Depression in the 1930s?

    <p>A slowdown in the economy at the end of the 1920s. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key significance of the King-Byng Crisis of 1926?

    <p>It questioned the authority of the Governor General. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following demonstrated an early step toward Canada’s independent foreign policy?

    <p>The Chanak Crisis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treaty marked Canada's first international agreement without British approval?

    <p>The Halibut Treaty. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What crucial understanding originated from the 1927 Imperial Conference?

    <p>Formal recognition of equal status within the British Empire. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary impact of the Balfour Report and Statute of Westminster on Canada?

    <p>It granted Canada legal equality with Britain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the 1920s, which group made the most short-term progress in their struggle for equality?

    <p>Women. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary challenge faced by Indigenous peoples during the 1920s?

    <p>Enforcement of oppressive colonial policies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Winnipeg General Strike affect relationships between workers and business owners?

    <p>It intensified conflict and tensions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event symbolized the need for clarity in Canada's governance structure?

    <p>The King-Byng Crisis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What long-term outcomes did women achieve compared to Indigenous peoples?

    <p>Women gained rights that continued to expand over time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event in the 1920s was pivotal in transitioning Canada to having control over its laws?

    <p>The Balfour Report. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Post-War Canadian Economic Growth

    Canada's economy boomed after WWII, fueled by production of goods, resource extraction, and agricultural exports, leading to job creation and increased income.

    Consumer Culture Rise

    Canadians' increased disposable income led to a surge in purchasing consumer goods like radios and appliances, transforming shopping practices and consumer desires.

    Women's Suffrage

    Canadian women fought for and achieved voting rights in federal elections by 1918, but Indigenous and immigrant women faced obstacles.

    Indigenous Struggles

    Indigenous people faced unfair government policies and discrimination, including forced assimilation at residential schools, which damaged their cultures and families.

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    New Political Parties

    Farmers and workers formed new parties to advocate for their interests, challenging existing political paradigms.

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    Workers' Strike Demands

    Workers organized strikes to fight for better wages, shorter hours, and improved working conditions.

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    Canadian Arts and Culture

    Canadian authors and artists like the Group of Seven gained recognition, showcasing Canadian landscapes and narratives that fostered national pride and identity.

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    Canadian Sports Boom

    Canadian sports became popular, specifically Hockey, fueling national interest and celebrating admired athletes, like Lionel Conacher and Bobbie Rosenfeld.

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    Halibut Treaty (1923)

    Canada's first international agreement signed without Britain, showing Canada's growing independence in foreign policy.

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    King-Byng Crisis (1926)

    A conflict highlighting Canada's desire for greater independence, challenging the authority of the Governor General.

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    1927 Imperial Conference

    Conference that recognized Canada as equal to other parts of the British Empire, laying groundwork for future independence.

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    Balfour Report and Statute of Westminster

    Official documents that declared equal status for Canada and granted full control over the law and government, representing Canada's full independence from the UK.

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    Roaring Twenties

    Nickname for the 1920s, reflecting the significant societal and technological changes in that period, particularly the changing roles of women and the rise of new technologies.

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    Winnipeg General Strike

    A significant labor strike in 1919 across many industries in Winnipeg.

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    1920s Canadian Economy

    A time of prosperity and growth in Canada, with noticeable inequality.

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    King-Byng Crisis

    A 1926 political showdown between Prime Minister King and Governor General Byng, highlighting Canada's evolving independence.

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    Chanak Crisis

    Canada's first significant refusal to automatically support Britain in a conflict, asserting independent foreign policy.

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    Halibut Treaty

    A 1923 treaty between Canada and the US, without British involvement, showing Canada's growing foreign policy autonomy.

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    Balfour Report

    A report declaring Canada and other dominions equal in status to Britain, a pivotal moment for Canada's independence.

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    Statute of Westminster

    A legal document in 1931 granting Canada full control over its laws, foreign policy, and government, formally establishing its independence.

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    Great Depression

    A severe global economic downturn that began at the end of the 1920s and continued into the 1930s, profoundly impacting economies worldwide.

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    1920s Women's Rights

    Significant progress for women's rights, including the right to vote in Canada.

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    1920s Indigenous People's Rights

    Indigenous peoples faced oppression with policies like residential schools, limiting their progress.

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    Economic Inequality 1920s

    Wealth disparity between rich and working class and farming communities

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    Study Notes

    The 1920s in Canada: A Decade of Change

    • Culture and Arts: Canadian writers gained recognition, showcasing Canadian life and inspiring pride. Magazines like Maclean's promoted Canadian literature. Canadian artists, notably the Group of Seven, painted landscapes celebrating the country's beauty.
    • Sports and Recreation: Sports became a significant part of Canadian life, with hockey gaining immense popularity and radio broadcasts of games. Athletes such as Lionel Conacher and Bobbie Rosenfeld became Canadian heroes.
    • Economic Boom: Canada experienced rapid economic growth after the war. Factories produced goods, mines provided resources, and farms supplied food, creating many jobs and higher incomes.
    • Consumer Culture: Increased disposable income led to more consumer spending on new products, like radios and appliances. Advertising became prevalent, driving further consumerism.
    • Women's Rights: The war's influence saw women's demands for equal rights take hold. While many provinces granted federal voting rights by 1918, Indigenous and some immigrant women were still excluded.
    • Indigenous Peoples: Indigenous peoples faced considerable hardship, subjected to discriminatory policies that limited their rights and forcibly placed Indigenous children in residential schools. This aimed to erase their culture and caused harm to families and communities.
    • Politics and Labour: Farmers and workers felt underrepresented by the government, leading to the formation of new political parties (e.g., Progressive Party) challenging established ones. Workers campaigned for higher wages, shorter working hours, and safer conditions. Strikes, such as the 1919 Winnipeg General Strike, reflected the growing labor movement's strength.
    • Economic Vulnerability: While many prospered, wealth disparities existed. The growing economy's success did not benefit everyone equally. The late 1920s saw economic downturn, presaging the Great Depression.
    • Canada's Independence: The Chanak Crisis, Halibut Treaty, King-Byng crisis, 1927 Imperial Conference, Balfour Report, and Statute of Westminster were pivotal events in Canada's movement towards independence from the UK.

    Significance of the King-Byng Crisis

    • The King-Byng Crisis (1926) tested the power of the Governor General and Canada's growing autonomy from British rule. This event signified a turning point for the independence movement.

    Comparison of Struggles

    • Women and Indigenous Peoples both fought for recognition and equality in the 1920s. While women gained some short-term progress (e.g., voting rights), Indigenous peoples faced ongoing suppression (e.g., residential schools). Long-term success leaned towards women's rights.

    Ranking Events by Impact on Canadian Independence (Least to Most Important)

    • Chanak Crisis: Canada's refusal to automatically support Britain in 1922 showed growing independence but lacked immediate broader impacts.
    • Halibut Treaty: Canada signed an international agreement without British involvement, asserting autonomy in foreign policy in 1923. Limited to fisheries.
    • King-Byng Crisis: The 1926 conflict, highlighting friction between Canada's PM and Governor General, symbolized the need for greater independence despite no immediate constitutional change.
    • 1927 Imperial Conference: Strengthened Canada's push for equality within the British Empire, paving the way for the Balfour Report and the Statute of Westminster.
    • Balfour Report and Statute of Westminster: Officially established Canada's constitutional equality with Britain and granted comprehensive control over its laws and governance. These formal declarations were the most decisive impact.

    Roaring Twenties Explanation

    • The 1920s was called the "Roaring Twenties" due to significant social and technological change. New technologies, like cars and radios, societal changes like jazz music and increased freedom for women, combined to create a dynamic and lively decade.

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    Description

    Explore the transformative decade of the 1920s in Canada, where cultural milestones, economic growth, and societal shifts shaped the nation. Discover how Canadian artists and athletes rose to prominence, consumer culture flourished, and the fight for women's rights gained momentum. This quiz captures the essence of a vibrant period in Canadian history.

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