Antimicrobials : S3

Any substance of natural, semi-synthetic, or synthetic origin that kills microbes or prevents their multiplication/growth, reducing their pathogenic effect

Therapeutic, prophylactic, metaphylactic, and growth promotion.

Therapeutic use = Treating diseased animals to cure an infection Prophylactic use = Treating healthy animals to prevent infection Metaphylactic use = Treating the herd to cure infection in some and prevent infection in others Growth promotion = Using low concentrations in feed to enhance growth, efficiency and reproductive performance

<p>Growth promotion – using low concentrations in feed to enhance growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All antibiotics are antimicrobials, but not all antimicrobials are antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbapenems</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are classified by their chemical structure, origin, effect on bacteria, spectrum of activity and mode of action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A chemical substance produced by microorganisms, such as bacteria or fungi, to inhibit or kill other microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A naturally occurring antimicrobial that has been chemically modified to enhance its properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluoroquinolones, which are chemically designed by humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bactericidal – kills bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms, cause little to no damage to the host, cause no allergic reactions to the host, remain specific body tissues in host long enough to be effective, stable when stored in solid or liquid form, effective on pathogen before they mutate and/or become resistant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cell wall synthesis inhibitors, plasma membrane disruptors, protein synthesis inhibitors, DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitors and folic acid synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beta-lactams and glycopeptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By binding to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and disrupting bacterial membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polymyxins and lipopeptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macrolides</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aminoglycosides</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quinolones, metronidazole, rifamycins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sulfonamides and diaminopyrimidines</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To evaluate the effectiveness of antibiotics against specific bacteria in vitro</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterial motility test</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffusion of the antibiotic on solid agar</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lowest concentration of an antibiotic that inhibits bacterial growth (MIC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MIC is the lowest drug concentration that inhibits bacterial growth, while MBC is the lowest concentration that kills the bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By observing the intersection between the antibiotic strip and the ellipse of inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An inherent characteristic that naturally prevents antibiotic action</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Efflux pumps, impermeability and lack of target</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They lack a cell wall, which beta-lactams target</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By actively removing antibiotics from the bacterial cell, reducing their effectiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inactivation of drug by enzymes, target modification/protection, alteration of membrane permeability and metabolic bypass</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through mutations and horizontal gene transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers