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Questions and Answers
What type of neurons modulate the responses of other thalamic neurons to input from the cortex?
What type of neurons modulate the responses of other thalamic neurons to input from the cortex?
- Thalamic interneurons (correct)
- Cortical interneurons
- Cerebral cortical neurons
- Dendritic interneurons
What is the term used for the recording obtained with electrodes on the pial surface of the cortex?
What is the term used for the recording obtained with electrodes on the pial surface of the cortex?
- Cerebral electrogram
- Cortical electrogram
- Electrocorticogram (correct)
- Electroencephalogram
What is the EEG recorded from the scalp a measure of?
What is the EEG recorded from the scalp a measure of?
- Axonal potentials
- Dendritic postsynaptic potentials (correct)
- Action potentials
- Synaptic potentials
What is the orientation of the dendrites of cortical neurons in the superficial layers of the cerebral cortex?
What is the orientation of the dendrites of cortical neurons in the superficial layers of the cerebral cortex?
What kind of potentials can be generated in dendrites?
What kind of potentials can be generated in dendrites?
What is the relationship between the cell body and dendrites?
What is the relationship between the cell body and dendrites?
What is the primary function of the thalamus in relation to the cerebral cortex?
What is the primary function of the thalamus in relation to the cerebral cortex?
What happens when the sum of the dendritic activity is negative relative to the cell body?
What happens when the sum of the dendritic activity is negative relative to the cell body?
Which of the following thalamic nuclei receive input from the basal ganglia and project to the motor cortex?
Which of the following thalamic nuclei receive input from the basal ganglia and project to the motor cortex?
What is the consequence of current flow in the shifting dipole?
What is the consequence of current flow in the shifting dipole?
What is the primary function of the thalamic reticular nucleus?
What is the primary function of the thalamic reticular nucleus?
Which neurotransmitter is released by most thalamic neurons?
Which neurotransmitter is released by most thalamic neurons?
What is the function of the anterior nuclei of the thalamus?
What is the function of the anterior nuclei of the thalamus?
What is the function of the medial and lateral geniculate bodies?
What is the function of the medial and lateral geniculate bodies?
Which thalamic nuclei project diffusely to wide areas of the neocortex?
Which thalamic nuclei project diffusely to wide areas of the neocortex?
What is the function of the ventral posterior lateral and ventral posteromedial nuclei?
What is the function of the ventral posterior lateral and ventral posteromedial nuclei?
What happens to a neuron when it is positively charged?
What happens to a neuron when it is positively charged?
What is the main characteristic of epilepsy?
What is the main characteristic of epilepsy?
What is the term for the time after a seizure until normal neurologic function returns?
What is the term for the time after a seizure until normal neurologic function returns?
What is the main difference between partial and generalized seizures?
What is the main difference between partial and generalized seizures?
What is an example of a simple partial seizure?
What is an example of a simple partial seizure?
What is the term for abnormal sensations that precede the onset of a partial seizure?
What is the term for abnormal sensations that precede the onset of a partial seizure?
What is the main characteristic of generalized seizures?
What is the main characteristic of generalized seizures?
What is the term for seizures that are divided into convulsive and non-convulsive categories?
What is the term for seizures that are divided into convulsive and non-convulsive categories?
What is a significant difference in brain composition between healthy individuals and those with narcolepsy?
What is a significant difference in brain composition between healthy individuals and those with narcolepsy?
What is the primary cause of daytime sleepiness in obstructive sleep apnea?
What is the primary cause of daytime sleepiness in obstructive sleep apnea?
What is a characteristic of an individual with OSA during sleep?
What is a characteristic of an individual with OSA during sleep?
What is the estimated percentage of middle-aged men in the United States affected by OSA?
What is the estimated percentage of middle-aged men in the United States affected by OSA?
What is a key factor in the pathophysiology of OSA?
What is a key factor in the pathophysiology of OSA?
What is a consequence of OSA on sleep patterns?
What is a consequence of OSA on sleep patterns?
What is the typical response of an individual with OSA when an episode of apnea occurs?
What is the typical response of an individual with OSA when an episode of apnea occurs?
What is the estimated percentage of women in the United States affected by OSA?
What is the estimated percentage of women in the United States affected by OSA?
What is the characteristic pattern of activity associated with absence seizures?
What is the characteristic pattern of activity associated with absence seizures?
What is the primary sleep disorder characterized by a sudden loss of voluntary muscle tone?
What is the primary sleep disorder characterized by a sudden loss of voluntary muscle tone?
What is the typical duration of a spike and wave pattern in absence seizures?
What is the typical duration of a spike and wave pattern in absence seizures?
What is the prevalence of narcolepsy in Americans?
What is the prevalence of narcolepsy in Americans?
What is the genetic susceptibility associated with narcolepsy?
What is the genetic susceptibility associated with narcolepsy?
What is the typical sleep pattern in individuals with narcolepsy?
What is the typical sleep pattern in individuals with narcolepsy?
What is the function of the HLA complexes in the immune system?
What is the function of the HLA complexes in the immune system?
What is the term for the brief episodes of total paralysis that can occur at the beginning or end of sleep in individuals with narcolepsy?
What is the term for the brief episodes of total paralysis that can occur at the beginning or end of sleep in individuals with narcolepsy?