Textiles: Weaves and Textures

Textures

• Woven textures: determined by the type of fiber, yarn twist, and weave density
• Fabric texture: influenced by the type of weave, yarn size, and fiber properties
• Surface texture: affected by the type of fiber, weave, and finishing treatments

Patterns

• ** Plain weave**: simplest weave, each warp yarn passes over one pick-up yarn
• Twill weave: diagonal pattern, each warp yarn passes over two or more pick-up yarns
• Satin weave: smooth, glossy surface, warp yarns cross over multiple pick-up yarns
• Jacquard weave: complex patterns, individual warp yarns can be controlled

Fibers

• Natural fibers:
  • Cotton: soft, breathable, absorbent
  • Wool: warm, insulating, resistant to wrinkles
  • Silk: luxurious, smooth, lustrous
• Synthetic fibers:
  • Polyester: durable, easy to care for, resistant to wrinkles
  • Nylon: strong, resistant to abrasion, quick-drying
  • Acrylic: soft, warm, lightweight

Loom Types

• Handloom: manual, traditional, allows for unique designs and patterns
• Mechanical loom: automated, faster production, higher volume
• Jacquard loom: computer-controlled, complex patterns and designs
• Rigid heddle loom: versatile, portable, suitable for beginners

Tapestry

• Definition: woven artwork, often narrative or decorative
• Techniques:
  • Weft-faced weaving: weft yarns visible on the front of the tapestry
  • Warp-faced weaving: warp yarns visible on the front of the tapestry
• Characteristics:
  • High-warp counting: dense, intricate designs
  • Low-warp counting: loose, expressive designs

Textures

• Woven textures are determined by three factors: type of fiber, yarn twist, and weave density.
• Fabric texture is influenced by the type of weave, yarn size, and fiber properties.
• Surface texture is affected by the type of fiber, weave, and finishing treatments.

Patterns

• Plain weave is the simplest weave, where each warp yarn passes over one pick-up yarn.
• Twill weave has a diagonal pattern, where each warp yarn passes over two or more pick-up yarns.
• Satin weave has a smooth, glossy surface, where warp yarns cross over multiple pick-up yarns.
• Jacquard weave allows for complex patterns, where individual warp yarns can be controlled.

Fibers

• Natural fibers include cotton, wool, and silk, each with unique properties.
• Cotton is soft, breathable, and absorbent.
• Wool is warm, insulating, and resistant to wrinkles.
• Silk is luxurious, smooth, and lustrous.
• Synthetic fibers include polyester, nylon, and acrylic, each with unique properties.
• Polyester is durable, easy to care for, and resistant to wrinkles.
• Nylon is strong, resistant to abrasion, and quick-drying.
• Acrylic is soft, warm, and lightweight.

Loom Types

• Handloom is a manual, traditional loom that allows for unique designs and patterns.
• Mechanical loom is an automated loom that enables faster production and higher volume.
• Jacquard loom is a computer-controlled loom that allows for complex patterns and designs.
• Rigid heddle loom is a versatile, portable loom suitable for beginners.

Tapestry

• Tapestry is a woven artwork that can be narrative or decorative.
• Weft-faced weaving is a technique where weft yarns are visible on the front of the tapestry.
• Warp-faced weaving is a technique where warp yarns are visible on the front of the tapestry.
• High-warp counting is a characteristic of tapestry that features dense, intricate designs.
• Low-warp counting is a characteristic of tapestry that features loose, expressive designs.