Textile Dyeing and Supply Chain Challenges

The sensation produced by the interaction of light with an object, creating a visual impression.

The range of electromagnetic radiation visible to the human eye, spanning wavelengths from 380 to 770 nanometers.

The process by which certain wavelengths of light are absorbed by an object, while others are reflected.

Specialized cells at the back of the eye sensitive to different wavelengths of light, converting light signals into electrical impulses.

The part of the brain that interprets electrical signals from the photoreceptor cells, creating the perception of color.

A graphical representation of the amount of light absorbed at different wavelengths by a substance.

The relationship between the specific wavelength of light absorbed by a substance and the resulting color perceived by the viewer.

The way in which color is described and measured, using precise terms and systems.

The actual color of an object.

Refers to how light or dark a color appears.

Indicates the intensity or purity of a color. It's how vivid or dull a color appears.

A system for organizing and classifying colors using hue, value, and chroma.

A system for describing and matching colors using reference standards.

A method that uses mathematical formulas to quantify the difference between two colors. These formulas account for factors like light absorption and scattering.

A theoretical model that helps understand light absorption, scattering, and reflection in colored materials.

A device that measures the intensity of light reflected by an object across different wavelengths.

A system for selecting suitable dyes to achieve a desired shade.

A visual method of selecting dyes by comparing shade cards and existing shade libraries.

A process that uses computer software and spectral data to predict dye combinations for achieving a specific shade.

The difference in color perception between two objects under different light sources.

A set of conditions under which a color match should be assessed, including store lighting, artificial daylight, and tungsten-filament light.

The extent to which a dyed material reflects light across different wavelengths.

The process of selecting dyes that have compatible properties and will perform well together during the dyeing process.

A measure of how well a dyed material resists color change due to washing with a detergent.

A measure of how well a dyed material resists color change due to perspiration.

A measure of how well a dyed material resists color change due to rubbing.

A measure of how well a dyed material resists color change due to exposure to light.

A system used to assess color fastness, with grades ranging from 1 (very poor) to 5 (excellent).

The attraction between a dye and a fiber, affecting how quickly the dye bonds to the material.

The ability of a dye to move within a fiber or fabric during processing.

The rate at which a dye is taken up by a fiber, influenced by its substantivity.

The process of preparing fabrics and fibers before dyeing, ensuring good dye uptake.

The movement of fabric through the dye liquor, or the movement of liquor through the fabric, essential for even dyeing.

The amount of dye liquor compared to the weight of the material being dyed.

The ability to control the dyeing process, ensuring consistent and uniform results.

The use of different machinery designed to dye various forms of materials, from loose fibers to garments.

Any substance that could potentially cause harm to humans or the environment.

A list of restricted substances that suppliers must comply with, focusing on environmental and safety concerns.

A type of dyeing where dyes or pigments are added to a synthetic polymer solution before it is extruded into filaments, resulting in excellent color fastness.

A type of dye that forms strong bonds with cellulose fibers, providing excellent color fastness.

A type of dye that has good affinity for cellulosic fibers, but is generally less bright and has poorer color fastness compared to reactive dyes.

The process of transferring dye from the dyebath to the fiber.

The chemical reaction that fixes the dye to the fiber, providing color fastness.

The final step in reactive dyeing where any excess dye is removed to ensure acceptable color fastness.

Cellulose-based fibers, including cotton, flax, and regenerated fibers like rayon.

The process of applying dyes or pigments to a surface to create patterns or designs.

A type of printing technique where a thickened dye paste is applied to fabric using engraved rollers or patterned screens.

A type of printing technique that involves transferring dye from a previously impregnated paper onto fabric using heat.

A method of dyeing where dyes are applied to leather in its raw form.

A process where dyes are applied to synthetic polymers in solution, creating a strong and permanent color throughout the fiber.

The characteristic of fibers that resist absorbing water.

The addition of substances like sodium chloride or sodium sulphate to the dyebath to promote dye exhaustion.

Uneven dyeing leading to visible stripes in fabrics, caused by variations along the length of the yarn.

A process to stabilize nylon fabrics, either heat or steam setting, before or after dyeing.

A common issue where setting nylon before dyeing reduces dye uptake, while setting after dyeing can cause yellowing.

The challenge of maintaining product quality within a budget while complying with environmental regulations.

Collaboration between all parties involved - retailers, designers, dyers, and manufacturers - to create a sustainable product with optimal quality and safety.

A type of dyeing where dyes react chemically with the fabric fibers, forming a permanent bond. These dyes are highly colorfast, but require special conditions for application.

The breakdown of a dye molecule in water, leading to a loss of color and fastness. It's a common problem in reactive dyeing.

A type of dye that requires a reducing agent and alkaline conditions to form a soluble and substantive (able to bind to the fabric) form. They are known for outstanding color fastness.

The process of converting an insoluble vat dye into a soluble and reactive form using a reducing agent and alkali.

A chemical used to reduce the vat dye into its soluble form. It allows the dye to penetrate the fabric fibers.

A chemical used to create alkaline conditions necessary for vatting. It helps the dye to react with the fabric.

A water-soluble form of a vat dye that is ready to bind to the fabric, bypassing the vatting process. It's useful for lighter shades.

A class of dyes used for dark, dull shades, known for their good wet fastness. They are inexpensive but can be less lightfast and chlorine-resistant.

The process of removing excess dye, reducing the overall shade, and improving color fastness. It's a common step in dyeing.

A type of dye that forms an insoluble pigment directly on the fabric by the reaction of two separate components: a coupling component and a diazonium salt.

A component of azoic dye that binds to the fabric and reacts with the diazonium salt to form the final color.

A component of azoic dye that reacts with the coupling component to form the final colored pigment on the fabric.

A chemical compound with a specific molecular structure that can react with other molecules to form a colored pigment.

Dyes applied under acidic conditions, offering ease of application, a wide color range, and good fastness properties.

Acid dyes categorized by their leveling abilities and resulting fastness properties.

Dyes that have good leveling properties and are applied with sulfuric acid to achieve exhaustion, but have poor wash fastness.

Acid dyes with greater substantivity to the fiber, resulting in better fastness but poorer leveling properties.

Acid dyes that offer excellent fastness, applied similar to milling-acid dyes with additional control for even dye application.

Acid dyes where a metal atom (usually chromium) is incorporated into the dye molecule during production.

Metal-complex dyes with a 1:1 ratio of metal atoms (usually chromium) to dye molecules.

Metal-complex dyes with a 1:2 ratio of metal atoms (usually chromium) to dye molecules.

Acid dyes capable of reacting with chromium, resulting in excellent wet fastness.

Mordant dye application method where the mordant is applied before dyeing.

Mordant dye application method where the dye and mordant are applied simultaneously.

Mordant dye application method where the mordant is applied after the dye.

A process used to remove unfixed dye from the fabric after dyeing with reactive dyes, particularly for darker shades.

Synthetic polyamide fibers, commonly nylon 6 and nylon 6.6, susceptible to variations in their manufacture that can affect dyeing.