Text Linguistics Overview 04
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According to de Beaugrande and Dressler, which standard of textuality refers to the communicative goals a writer or speaker wants to achieve?

  • Cohesion
  • Informativity
  • Intentionality (correct)
  • Coherence
  • Which standard of textuality relates to the degree to which the content of a text is novel for the receiver?

  • Cohesion
  • Coherence
  • Informativity (correct)
  • Situationality
  • The standard of textuality that involves the grammatical and semantic connection of the text's surface structure is known as:

  • Coherence
  • Intentionality
  • Cohesion (correct)
  • Intertextuality
  • Which of the standards of textuality focuses on the functional connections between the content of a text and its underlying structure?

    <p>Coherence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What standard of textuality focuses on the relevance of a text within a specific context?

    <p>Situationality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely setting for choking in adults?

    <p>Any of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common culprit in adult choking?

    <p>Solid meats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of choking in adults?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common choking hazard for children?

    <p>Hot dogs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason why children are more likely to choke than adults?

    <p>Children are more likely to put objects in their mouths (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely time for children to choke?

    <p>At any time of the day or night (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are signs that someone is choking?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common choking hazard for adults?

    <p>Solid meats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of thematic progression?

    <p>To create a smoother reading experience and enhance comprehension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Example 11, what is the rheme of the first sentence?

    <p>Was published by Daniel Jones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of thematic progression as defined by Daneš?

    <p>Parallel Progression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of thematic progression is used in Example 12?

    <p>Progression with a Constant Theme (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Example 13, what is the 'hypertheme'?

    <p>Geographical knowledge about Belize (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a factor in determining the theme of a sentence?

    <p>The reader's prior knowledge on the subject (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the theme and the rheme of a sentence?

    <p>The theme is known information and the rheme is new information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the relationship between the theme and the rheme?

    <p>The rheme is an explanation of the theme (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the provided content, what is the main reason why solid meats, such as steak, are most commonly involved in choking incidents among adults?

    <p>Adults often consume these meats during meals and are likely to be distracted during consumption. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The content suggests that choking incidents are more common among children because they are more likely to:

    <p>Put various objects, beyond food, in their mouths. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT represent a theme or rheme analysis of the content?

    <p>The theme could be &quot;choking incidents&quot; and the rheme could be &quot;common causes and risks.&quot; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The content refers to lexical fields, which consist of words belonging to the same word class. Which of these pairs represent lexical fields from the content?

    <p>Mouths and objects. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using the concept of "theme and rheme" while analyzing the content?

    <p>To identify the key concepts being discussed in the text. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The content mentions that children are less likely to complicate choking incidents with alcohol compared to adults. What is the reason for this?

    <p>Children are typically not allowed to consume alcohol. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the examples given in the content, which of the following would be considered a lexical set?

    <p>Evening meal, time, day and night. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a common choking hazard for children, according to the content?

    <p>Popcorn. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main point of paragraph (7)?

    <p>Several factors increase the likelihood of choking during evening meals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phrase "these meats" in paragraph (9) refer to?

    <p>Solid meats such as steak. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does paragraph (10) contrast with paragraph (7)?

    <p>Paragraph (10) focuses on the dangers of choking for children, while paragraph (7) focuses on adults. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of the phrase "do so" in paragraph (10)?

    <p>Stick objects into their mouths. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a common choking hazard for adults?

    <p>Grapes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sentence in the text best illustrates the use of parallelism?

    <p>Your dinner companion can't breathe, can't talk, and is turning blue. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the phrase "usually food" in paragraph (5)?

    <p>To acknowledge that choking can be caused by other objects besides food. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between coherence and cohesion?

    <p>Coherence is concerned with the overall structure and flow of a text, while cohesion is about using linguistic devices to connect sentences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of 'exophoric reference' in coherence?

    <p>It contributes to the overall meaning-making process of a text by referring to external information. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between 'exophoric reference' and 'endophoric reference'?

    <p>Exophoric reference is about continuity of meaning within a text, while endophoric reference is about building intersentential semantic relations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what is the role of cohesive devices in establishing coherence?

    <p>They are used to create a smooth and logical flow of ideas within a text, contributing to overall meaning and understanding. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of 'Weisser's Sentence Scrambler' as described in the content?

    <p>To demonstrate the importance of cohesive devices in making a text comprehensible. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between explicit and implicit structures in creating coherence?

    <p>Explicit structures are visible markers, such as headings and chapters, while implicit structures are created through cohesion devices. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, how does the text relate to ‘acceptability’?

    <p>The text outlines how different levels of coherence and cohesion can affect the user's 'acceptability' of a text. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following examples best illustrates how a lack of cohesion can affect coherence?

    <p>A text with sentences that are loosely connected and do not flow logically together. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Cohesion

    Linguistic fit of text's surface structure for grammar and meaning.

    Coherence

    Functional connection among the content of a text.

    Intentionality

    Communicative goals of the writer or speaker in a text.

    Informativity

    Newness of the content in the text to the recipient.

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    Situationality

    Relevance of a text within a specific context.

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    Choking Risk Factors

    Factors that increase the likelihood of a choking incident.

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    Alcohol and Reflexes

    Drinking alcohol can slow reflexes, increasing choking risk.

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    Distractions During Eating

    Eating can be hindered by conversations or entertainment.

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    Solid Meats Culprits

    Solid foods like steak are commonly associated with choking.

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    Children and Choking

    Children are also at risk for choking, often on different objects.

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    Common Choking Foods

    Foods most commonly causing choking include hot dogs, grapes, peanuts, and hard candy.

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    Signs of Choking

    Signs include inability to breathe, talk, or a blue appearance.

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    Choking Presentation

    A typical presentation of a choking incident often involves gasping and clutching the throat.

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    Acceptability

    The expectation for connectedness and relevance in a text.

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    Exophoric reference

    A reference outside the text to create meaning.

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    Endophoric reference

    A reference within the text that creates meaning.

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    Thematic progression

    The meaningful development of themes throughout a text.

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    Cohesive devices

    Tools or phrases that connect ideas and sentences in a text.

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    Structure in writing

    The order and format used to organize text, such as chapters and headings.

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    Choking

    A situation where a person can't breathe due to obstruction in their airway, often caused by food.

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    Alcohol and choking risk

    Consumption of alcohol may slow reflexes, increasing choking risk during meals.

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    Adult choking scenarios

    Choking in adults most often occurs during evening meals, typically in social settings like restaurants or parties.

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    Repetition in communication

    Reiterating important information helps reinforce understanding and retention, such as recognizing choking signs.

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    Victim distraction

    Victims may be distracted by conversation or entertainment while eating.

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    Adult choking risks

    Adults commonly choke on solid meats, particularly during social meals.

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    Lexical fields

    Groups of words that share the same category or word class, facilitating understanding.

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    Lexical sets

    Collections of words that may not share the same class but are connected conceptually.

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    Theme and rheme

    The theme is what is being discussed, while rheme explains or provides more detail about it.

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    Choking in children

    Children are prone to choking on a variety of objects and foods, especially small ones.

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    Time references

    Terms indicating when an event takes place, like 'evening meal' or 'day and night.'

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    Theme

    The information considered taken for granted by the writer/speaker.

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    Rheme

    The new information that is not assumed to be known.

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    Simple linear progression

    A rheme from one sentence becomes the theme of the next.

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    Constant theme progression

    Several sentences share the same theme, introducing different rhemes.

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    Derived themes

    Themes taken from a broader hypertheme.

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    Situational context

    Information clear from the surrounding situation.

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    World knowledge

    Information assumed to be universally known.

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    Study Notes

    Text Linguistics Introduction

    • Text linguistics examines larger units of speech, beyond the sentence level
    • It analyzes how different parts of a text fit together, and how arguments or explanations are built
    • This includes examining both written and spoken language, including speeches, sermons, dialogues, etc.

    Maxims of Conversation

    • Guidelines for effective communication were proposed by Paul Grice.
    • Maxims include:
      • Quality: Be truthful and accurate
      • Quantity: Provide appropriate information
      • Relation: Stick to the topic
      • Manner: Be clear and organized
    • These maxims enhance cooperation and reduce misunderstandings

    Politeness Principle (Leech 1983)

    • Minimizes the expression of impolite beliefs
    • Maximizes the expression of polite beliefs
    • Includes maxims such as tact, generosity, approbation, modesty, agreement, and sympathy

    Text and Text Linguistics

    • A text is any written or spoken passage with a unified whole.
    • Its coherent structure involves both internal coherence (linking devices) and coherence within the context of the situation
    • Text relies on both textual glue and understanding within its context
    • The study of text excludes visuals, and is typically lengthy

    Coherence and Cohesion

    • Coherence is a cognitive process of interpreting a text at a semantic and pragmatic level, depending on the reader or listener's understanding
    • Cohesion refers to semantic links at a formal level (linguistic), which are independent of the user

    Achieving Coherence

    • Texts need order and structure (e.g. explicit structures like chapters, headlines, subheadings).
    • Cohesive devices connect segments of a text (e.g. grammatical cohesion through conjunctions and synonymy).
    • Thematic progression is how ideas are developed logically, and the reader is guided from beginning to end

    Thematic Progression

    • Themes and rhemes are communicative components of statements.
    • The theme is the topic being discussed, while the rheme is what is said about the theme
    • There are five types of thematic progression:
      • Simple linear progression
      • Progression with a constant theme
      • Progression with derived themes
      • Development of a split rheme
      • Progression with a thematic leap

    Keywords

    • Key terms relevant to text linguistics include; acceptability, coherence, cohesion, endophoric reference, exophoric reference, grammatical cohesion, informativity, intentionality, intertextuality, lexical cohesion, rheme, situationality, text linguistics, textuality, and thematic progression.

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    Text Linguistics PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of text linguistics, including the study of larger speech units and the frameworks for effective communication. It covers important guidelines like Grice's maxims and Leech's politeness principle, providing a comprehensive understanding of text coherence and communication strategies.

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