Tetrodotoxin (TTX) Extraction Process

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Match the following steps in TTX extraction with their descriptions:

Sample Collection = Live or freshly caught organisms with TTX are collected Tissue Preparation = Dissecting and separating target tissues like ovaries or liver Homogenization = Breaking down cell structure to release toxin using solvents Filtration = Removing solid particles from homogenized tissue mixture

Match the following tools with their use in tissue preparation for TTX extraction:

Mechanical grinding = Breaking down tissues to release TTX Sonication = Disrupting cell structure for toxin release Enzymatic digestion = Breaking down cell walls to extract toxin Filtration = Separating solid particles from TTX-containing solution

Match the following tissues with their known high concentration of TTX:

Ovaries = Contains a higher concentration of TTX Liver = Known to have elevated levels of TTX Skin = Tissue with a significant amount of TTX Intestines = Contains a concentrated form of the toxin

Match the following descriptions with their relevance to TTX extraction:

Acetic acid concentration: 1% or 2 = Used during tissue homogenization process Liquid-liquid extraction = Method employed in extracting TTX from solution Solid-phase extraction = Extraction technique utilized in isolating TTX Extreme caution in handling organisms = Important to prevent exposure to the potent neurotoxin Signup and view all the answers

Match the following techniques with their purpose in TTX preparation:

Chromatography = Purifying TTX and removing impurities Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) = Analyzing and quantifying purified TTX High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) = Purifying TTX and removing impurities High-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) = Analyzing and quantifying purified TTX Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements with their relation to TTX:

TTX in pain management = Medical application of TTX TTX blocking sodium channels = Usefulness in chronic pain conditions TTX in developing new analgesics = Research tool for new drugs TTX quantified using LC-MS = Analytical technique for TTX analysis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following steps with their role in TTX preparation:

Selective transfer of TTX from solution = Separating TTX from other compounds Further purification of extracted TTX = Removing impurities and concentrating toxin Analysis of purified TTX using LC-MS = Quantifying the toxin Exploring potential of TTX in developing new drugs = Research into analgesics and pain relief medications Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics with Bony Fishes or Cartilaginous Fishes:

Skeleton mainly made of bones = Bony Fishes Skeleton is made of cartilages = Cartilaginous Fishes Gill cover operculum exist = Bony Fishes No gill cover = Cartilaginous Fishes Signup and view all the answers

Match the following reproductive characteristics with fish species:

Mainly external fertilization = Bony Fishes Internal fertilization = Cartilaginous Fishes Uses internal fertilization like sharks and rays = Cartilaginous Fishes Sexual dimorphism: Males have pelvic claspers = Bony Fishes Signup and view all the answers

Match the following feeding habits with types of fish:

Filter feeders = Bony & Cartilaginous fishes Carnivores = Bony & Cartilaginous fishes Herbivores (browsers & grazers) = Bony & Cartilaginous fishes Detritivores = Bony & Cartilaginous fishes Signup and view all the answers

Match the following predator behaviors with fish species:

Single hunters = Bony & Cartilaginous fishes Group hunters = Bony & Cartilaginous fishes Sit and wait predators = Bony & Cartilaginous fishes Stalk predators = Bony & Cartilaginous fishes Signup and view all the answers

Match the following mating strategies with fish behavior:

Change of colour = Most bony fishes Odour = Most bony fishes Nest building = Most bony fishes Sex change = Most bony fishes Signup and view all the answers

Match the following sensory characteristics with fish abilities:

Feeds on everything that moves on the sea = Most of them cant see They sense by sending and receiving waves = Most of them cant see Reproductive Behavior: Males have pelvic claspers for sperm delivery = They sense by sending and receiving waves Reproductive Behavior: Sexual dimorphism - Males have pelvic claspers for sperm delivery = Reproductive Behavior: Sexual dimorphism - Males have pelvic claspers for sperm delivery Signup and view all the answers