Questions and Answers
When does Tetralogy of Fallot occur?
when the baby is developing in the womb
What kind of heart defect is Tetralogy of Fallot?
cyanotic
What are the heart defects in Tetralogy of Fallot?
Right ventricular hypertrophy, Aorta displacement, Pulmonary stenosis, Septal defect (ventricular)
What happens to blood flow in Tetralogy of Fallot?
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In TOF there is a ____________ of the _________ valve and artery.
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___________ ____________ hypertrophy occurs in TOF.
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What can Right Ventricular Hypertrophy lead to?
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Enlargement of the aortic valve can cause what?
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What are the signs and symptoms of Tetralogy of Fallot?
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This kind of heart defect will require ______________ (for treatment).
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What medication is used for Tetralogy of Fallot?
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Study Notes
Overview of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
- Occurs during fetal development in the womb.
- Considered a cyanotic heart defect, characterized by reduced oxygen levels in the blood.
Defects in Tetralogy of Fallot
- Involves four main heart defects represented by the mnemonic RAPS:
- Right ventricular hypertrophy
- Aorta displacement
- Pulmonary stenosis
- Septal defect (ventricular)
Pathophysiology of Blood Flow
- Blood flows from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve into the left ventricle, leading to complications.
- Presence of a ventricular septal defect allows mixing of unoxygenated and oxygenated blood.
Pulmonary Stenosis
- Narrowing of the pulmonary valve and artery, impeding blood flow to the lungs.
- This can lead to a right-to-left shunt, increasing the volume of unoxygenated blood in systemic circulation.
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
- The right ventricle enlarges due to increased workload.
- Can lead to severe complications, including heart failure.
Aorta Displacement
- Enlargement of the aortic valve can result in the displacement of the aorta, contributing to poor oxygenation throughout the body.
Signs and Symptoms
- Symptoms can be recalled using the mnemonic AFFLICT:
- Activity leads to cyanosis (Tet spells)
- Finger clubbing
- Fatigue during activities
- Lifting knees to chest decreases right-to-left shunting
- Inability to grow properly due to hypoxemia
- Cardiac: presents with a harsh systolic murmur adjacent to the left sternal border
- Trouble feeding and failure to thrive (FTT), evidenced by poor weight gain
Treatment
- Surgical intervention is typically required to correct the defects; there may be temporary surgery options available.
Medication
- Aprostadil (prostaglandin E) is used to manage symptoms and maintain blood flow to the lungs.
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Description
Explore key concepts of Tetralogy of Fallot with these flashcards. Learn about the condition, its heart defects, and blood flow. Perfect for medical students and anyone interested in cardiology.
