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By @tsujigimi

Sleep

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of slow-wave sleep?

It allows the brain to rest and affects cognitive abilities.

What is the main function of sleep?

To facilitate memory consolidation and normal functioning

Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for controlling slow-wave (deep) sleep?

GABA

What is the function of slow-wave sleep?

<p>It allows the brain to rest and affects cognitive abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of brain activity monitored during sleep research?

<p>EEG, EMG, EOG</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurons control muscular paralysis during REM sleep?

<p>Acetylcholinergic neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of slow-wave sleep?

<p>To allow the brain to rest and affect cognitive abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of neurons help stabilize the sleep/wake flip-flop?

<p>Orexinergic neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a sleep lab?

<p>To monitor brain activity during sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurons fire at a high rate during REM sleep?

<p>Acetylcholinergic neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neurons control slow-wave sleep?

<p>GABAergic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of orexinergic neurons in sleep?

<p>To help stabilize the sleep/wake flip-flop</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is narcolepsy?

<p>Sudden sleep attacks, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucinations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter fires at a high rate during REM sleep?

<p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What controls the REM flip-flop?

<p>Orexinergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic inputs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is fatal familial insomnia?

<p>A neurodegenerative condition that affects sleep and can lead to psychiatric complications and death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the REM flip-flop controlled by?

<p>Orexinergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic inputs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which inputs control the REM flip-flop?

<p>Orexinergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic inputs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is insomnia?

<p>Difficulty getting to sleep, staying asleep, or having non-restorative sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of acetylcholinergic neurons in REM sleep?

<p>To fire at a high rate in REM sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is narcolepsy?

<p>Sleep attacks and cataplexy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of orexinergic neurons in sleep?

<p>They help stabilize the sleep/wake flip-flop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of insomnia?

<p>Genetic and environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if there is damage to the "paralysis neurons"?

<p>It removes inhibition and causes a person to act out their dreams</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurons control muscular paralysis during REM sleep?

<p>GABAergic neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sleep disorder involves acting out dreams due to a failure to exhibit paralysis during REM sleep?

<p>REM sleep behavior disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when there is damage to the "paralysis neurons"?

<p>The person acts out their dreams</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is insomnia?

<p>Difficulty getting to sleep, staying asleep, or having non-restorative sleep.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is fatal familial insomnia?

<p>A neurodegenerative condition that affects sleep and can lead to psychiatric complications and death</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of memories does slow-wave sleep facilitate consolidation of?

<p>Declarative</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is lucid dreaming?

<p>The awareness of dreaming while the dream continues</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of sleep facilitates consolidation of nondeclarative memories?

<p>REM sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitters control the REM flip-flop?

<p>GABAergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic inputs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is insomnia?

<p>Difficulty getting to sleep, staying asleep, or having non-restorative sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of slow-wave sleep in memory consolidation?

<p>To facilitate consolidation of declarative memories</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sleep disorder involves the inability to sleep and breathe at the same time?

<p>Sleep apnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is REM sleep behavior disorder?

<p>Acting out dreams due to a failure to exhibit paralysis during REM sleep.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is narcolepsy?

<p>Sleep attacks and cataplexy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is sleep apnea?

<p>The inability to sleep and breathe at the same time</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of REM sleep?

<p>It facilitates consolidation of declarative memories</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is lucid dreaming?

<p>The awareness of dreaming while the dream continues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is narcolepsy?

<p>A disorder characterized by sudden sleep attacks, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the neurodegenerative condition that affects sleep and can lead to psychiatric complications and death?

<p>Fatal familial insomnia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of paralysis neurons in REM sleep?

<p>To control muscular paralysis during REM sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is sleep apnea?

<p>Inability to sleep and breathe at the same time</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are nightmares?

<p>Vivid and frightening dreams that awaken the dreamer</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of REM sleep?

<p>It facilitates consolidation of declarative memories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is REM sleep behavior disorder?

<p>Acting out dreams due to a failure to exhibit paralysis during REM sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of sleep allows the brain to rest and affects cognitive abilities?

<p>Slow-wave sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of REM sleep in memory consolidation?

<p>To facilitate consolidation of nondeclarative memories</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is REM sleep behavior disorder?

<p>Acting out dreams due to a failure to exhibit paralysis during REM sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is fatal familial insomnia?

<p>A neurodegenerative condition that affects sleep and can lead to psychiatric complications and death</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is fatal familial insomnia?

<p>Neurodegenerative condition affecting sleep and leading to psychiatric complications and death</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is sleep apnea?

<p>Inability to sleep and breathe at the same time</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sleep disorder involves acting out dreams due to a failure to exhibit paralysis during REM sleep?

<p>REM sleep behavior disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the treatments for sleep disorders?

<p>Stimulant drugs and antidepressants</p> Signup and view all the answers

What controls slow-wave sleep?

<p>GABAergic neurons in the vlPOA</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is not mentioned as being involved in the control of sleep?

<p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

  1. Sleep is vital for normal functioning, health, well-being, and memory.
  2. Sleep research is conducted in a sleep lab.
  3. Researchers monitor EEG, EMG, and EOG during sleep.
  4. There are different stages of sleep, including slow-wave (deep) sleep and REM sleep.
  5. Slow-wave sleep is controlled by GABAergic neurons in the vlPOA.
  6. Orexinergic neurons help stabilize the sleep/wake flip-flop.
  7. Acetylcholinergic neurons fire at a high rate in REM sleep.
  8. The REM flip-flop is controlled by orexinergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic inputs.
  9. There are specific neurons that control muscular paralysis during REM sleep.
  10. Damage to "paralysis neurons" removes inhibition and causes a person to act out their dreams.
  11. Sleep has stages and EEG activity.
  12. Dreams occur every night and may represent threat-stimulation.
  13. Nightmares are vivid and frightening dreams that awaken the dreamer.
  14. Lucid dreaming is the awareness of dreaming while the dream continues.
  15. Slow-wave sleep allows the brain to rest and affects cognitive abilities.
  16. REM sleep facilitates consolidation of nondeclarative memories.
  17. Slow-wave sleep facilitates consolidation of declarative memories.
  18. Insomnia is difficulty getting to sleep, staying asleep, or having non-restorative sleep.
  19. Sleep apnea is the inability to sleep and breathe at the same time.
  20. Narcolepsy includes sleep attacks and cataplexy.
  21. Sleep disorders can be caused by genetic and environmental factors.
  22. Narcolepsy is a disorder characterized by sudden sleep attacks, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucinations.
  23. REM sleep behavior disorder involves acting out dreams due to a failure to exhibit paralysis during REM sleep.
  24. Slow-wave sleep problems include sleepwalking, night terrors, and bedwetting.
  25. Fatal familial insomnia is a neurodegenerative condition that affects sleep and can lead to psychiatric complications and death.
  26. Different stages of sleep have different patterns of brain activity.
  27. Neural control of arousal, slow-wave sleep, and REM sleep is important for regulating sleep.
  28. Dreams and nightmares occur during different stages of sleep.
  29. Sleep serves the function of rest and consolidating learning.
  30. Treatments for sleep disorders include stimulant drugs and antidepressants.

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