Immuno 20
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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe the process of generating antibody diversity during the development of B lymphocytes into naïve B cells?

  • Somatic hypermutation (correct)
  • Affinity maturation
  • Selection
  • Maturation

    • What is the term used to describe the switching of heavy chain isotypes (classes) during antibody production?

  • Antigen recognition
  • Antibody responses
  • Affinity maturation
  • Isotype switching (correct)

    • Which term refers to the specific part of an antigen that is recognized by an antibody?

  • Epitope (correct)
  • Determinant
  • Avidity
  • Affinity

    • Which type of antigen does not require the help of T cells for an immune response?

    <p>T-independent antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the overall strength of binding between an antibody and an antigen?

    <p>Affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to a small molecule that can bind to an antibody but cannot elicit an immune response on its own?

    <p>Hapten</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a major form of humoral immunity?

    <p>Complement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an immunogen?

    <p>An antigen that elicits a T cell or B cell response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an epitope?

    <p>A smaller portion of an antigen that is specifically bound by a T cell or antibody</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about antigens?

    <p>An antigen may or may not elicit an adaptive immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general order of immunogenicity?

    <p>Protein &gt;&gt; carbohydrate &gt;&gt; lipid, haptens, amino acids, DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the combination of affinity and valency called?

    <p>Avidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antigen requires T cell help for B cell activation?

    <p>T-dependent antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a T-dependent antigen binds to a B cell?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antigen activates B cells directly through receptor crosslinking?

    <p>T-independent antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of T-independent antigen crosslinks both the B cell receptor (BCR) and another receptor(s)?

    <p>T-independent 1 (TI-1) antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do T-independent 2 (TI-2) antigens often occur?

    <p>In the marginal zone of secondary lymphatic tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells secrete cytokines that can induce isotype switching and plasma cell differentiation in response to TI-2 antigens?

    <p>Dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the structural elements in monomeric forms of antibody isotypes?

    <p>Two heavy chains and two light chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibody isotype forms pentamers?

    <p>IgM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of somatic hypermutation in B cell responses?

    <p>To generate diversity in B cell receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antigen generally does not undergo isotype switching or affinity maturation?

    <p>T-independent antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antigen binds and crosslinks multiple BCR or innate receptors?

    <p>T-independent antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antigen binds BCR and is endocytosed and processed for loading to MHC-II?

    <p>T-dependent antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of CD4 Th cell help in T-dependent antigen response?

    <p>To provide costimulation and cytokine help</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antigen generally does NOT undergo isotype switching or affinity maturation?

    <p>T-independent antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of CD4 Th cell help in a T-dependent antigen response?

    <p>To provide costimulation and cytokine help</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do T-independent 2 (TI-2) antigens often occur?

    <p>Bacterial cell surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the overall strength of binding between an antibody and an antigen?

    <p>Affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antigen binds and crosslinks multiple BCR or innate receptors?

    <p>T-independent antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an epitope?

    <p>The specific part of an antigen recognized by an antibody</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibody isotype forms pentamers?

    <p>IgM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of somatic hypermutation in B cell responses?

    <p>To introduce random mutations in the antibody genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about antibody isotypes?

    <p>Antibody isotypes are altered heavy chains for specialized function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structural elements are present in monomeric forms of antibody isotypes?

    <p>2 heavy chains and 2 light chains with variable regions that bind antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibody isotype forms pentamers?

    <p>IgM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of somatic hypermutation in B cell responses?

    <p>To drive affinity maturation of antibodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process of generating antibody diversity during the development of B lymphocytes into naïve B cells?

    <p>Combinatorial diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major steps in B cell development?

    <p>VDJ recombination, receptor editing, migration to LN or spleen, activation upon contact with antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of CD4 Th cell help in T-dependent antigen response?

    <p>To drive isotype switching and affinity maturation in B cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a T-dependent antigen binds to a B cell?

    <p>B cell activation and proliferation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antigen requires T cell help for B cell activation?

    <p>T-dependent antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the immunoglobin (Ig) domain is responsible for binding antigens?

    <p>Fab region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Fc region of the immunoglobin (Ig) domain?

    <p>Neutralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the ability of an antibody to bind different but structurally similar antigens?

    <p>Cross reactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process of generating antibody diversity during the development of B lymphocytes into naïve B cells?

    <p>Combinatorial diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the immunoglobin (Ig) domain is responsible for structural flexibility?

    <p>Hinge region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which accessory molecules allow the B cell receptor (BCR) to transmit the antigen binding signal for B cell activation?

    <p>Ig alpha and Igß</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process of increasing the affinity of antibodies through spontaneous mutations?

    <p>Affinity maturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antigen requires the help of T cells for an immune response?

    <p>T-dependent antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibody isotype has the highest valency?

    <p>IgM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about haptens?

    <p>Haptens are small parts of antigens that are bound by antibodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about antigen valency?

    <p>Antigen valency refers to the number of binding sites on an antigen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary target of humoral immunity?

    <p>Extracellular pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the smaller portion of an antigen specifically bound by a T cell or antibody?

    <p>Epitope/determinant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general order of immunogenicity?

    <p>Protein &gt;&gt; carbohydrate &gt;&gt; lipid, haptens, amino acids, DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the total binding strength between all antigen-epitope pairs in multivalent antigen-antibody interactions?

    <p>Avidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of antibodies?

    <p>Antibodies have a Y-shaped structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of somatic hypermutation in B cell responses?

    <p>To enhance antibody affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of CD4 Th cell help in a T-dependent antigen response?

    <p>To activate B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the switching of heavy chain isotypes (classes) during antibody production?

    <p>Isotype switching</p> Signup and view all the answers

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