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Questions and Answers

What is an antigen?

  • A pathogen-specific molecular structure that triggers the adaptive immune response. (correct)
  • A protein that is produced by B cells in response to foreign antigens.
  • A type of white blood cell that engulfs and destroys pathogens.
  • A molecule that helps to transport oxygen in the blood.

What is the function of the Fab region of an antibody molecule?

  • It is the site of antigen binding. (correct)
  • It determines the antibody's class.
  • It is the site of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
  • It is the site of complement factor binding.

What is the most abundant antibody in human blood?

  • IgA
  • IgD
  • IgM
  • IgG (correct)

What is the function of IgA antibodies?

<p>They are found in mucus secretions that protect mucous membranes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in opsonization?

<p>Tagging pathogens for destruction by phagocytic cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of IgM antibodies?

<p>They are the most efficient for agglutination. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in neutralization?

<p>Binding to certain antibodies on the surface of pathogens or toxins, preventing their attachment to cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in ADCC?

<p>Enhancing killing of large pathogens through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of antibodies in immune defense?

<p>Enhancing the body's ability to defend against a wide range of pathogens. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an antigen?

<p>A pathogen-specific molecular structure that triggers the adaptive immune response. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Fab region of an antibody molecule?

<p>It is the site of antigen binding. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most abundant antibody in human blood?

<p>IgG (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of IgA antibodies?

<p>They are found in mucus secretions that protect mucous membranes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in opsonization?

<p>Tagging pathogens for destruction by phagocytic cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of IgM antibodies?

<p>They are the most efficient for agglutination. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in neutralization?

<p>Binding to certain antibodies on the surface of pathogens or toxins, preventing their attachment to cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in ADCC?

<p>Enhancing killing of large pathogens through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of antibodies in immune defense?

<p>Enhancing the body's ability to defend against a wide range of pathogens. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about antigens?

<p>They are unique to a specific pathogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Fab region of an antibody molecule?

<p>Binding to antigens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is the most abundant in human blood?

<p>IgG (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of IgA antibodies?

<p>Protection of mucous membranes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in neutralization?

<p>Preventing attachment of pathogens to cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is restricted to anti-parasitic defenses and allergic reactions?

<p>IgE (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in agglutination?

<p>Making pathogens easier for phagocytes to ingest and destroy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of IgM antibodies?

<p>Opsonization for phagocytosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of antibodies in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)?

<p>Enhancing killing of large pathogens through effector cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of antibodies in immune defense?

<p>To neutralize pathogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is restricted to anti-parasitic defenses and allergic reactions?

<p>IgE (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the antibody molecule is the site of complement factor binding and binding to phagocytic cells during antibody-mediated opsonization?

<p>Fc region (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is the first antibody produced and secreted by B cells during the primary and secondary immune responses?

<p>IgM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of IgA antibodies?

<p>To protect mucous membranes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class accounts for about 13% of total serum antibody and is found in mucus secretions that protect mucous membranes?

<p>IgA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in agglutination?

<p>To aggregate pathogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is versatile in defending against pathogens?

<p>IgG (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)?

<p>To enhance killing of large pathogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is a membrane-bound monomer found on the surface of B cells?

<p>IgD (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most efficient antibody class for agglutination?

<p>IgM (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of antibodies in innate immunity?

<p>To enhance the body's ability to defend against pathogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Fc region of an antibody molecule?

<p>Binding to complement factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody is restricted to anti-parasitic defenses and allergic reactions?

<p>IgE (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of IgM antibodies?

<p>Agglutination of pathogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in neutralization of pathogens?

<p>Preventing attachment to target cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody accounts for about 13% of total serum antibody and is found in mucus secretions that protect mucous membranes?

<p>IgA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in agglutination of pathogens?

<p>Clumping pathogens together (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody is a membrane-bound monomer found on the surface of B cells?

<p>IgD (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in opsonization of pathogens?

<p>Enhancing phagocytosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody is versatile in defending against pathogens?

<p>IgG (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in ADCC?

<p>Enhancing killing of large pathogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody is the first antibody produced and secreted by B cells during the primary and secondary immune responses?

<p>IgM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the antibody molecule is the site of antigen binding?

<p>Fab region (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of antibodies in immune defense?

<p>To eliminate pathogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class accounts for about 13% of total serum antibody and is found in mucus secretions that protect mucous membranes?

<p>IgA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the least abundant antibody class in serum and is restricted to anti-parasitic defenses and allergic reactions?

<p>IgE (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the antibody molecule is the site of complement factor binding and binding to phagocytic cells during antibody-mediated opsonization?

<p>Fc region (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is the first antibody produced and secreted by B cells during the primary and secondary immune responses?

<p>IgM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is versatile in defending against pathogens and is the most abundant antibody in human blood?

<p>IgG (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in agglutination?

<p>To cause aggregation of pathogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What antibody class has a pentameric structure with ten Fab binding sites, making them the most efficient for agglutination?

<p>IgM (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in neutralization?

<p>To neutralize toxins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in ADCC?

<p>To eliminate pathogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in opsonization?

<p>To enhance phagocytosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of antibodies in innate immunity?

<p>To enhance phagocytosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of antibodies in immune defense?

<p>To prevent the attachment of pathogens to target cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is found in mucus secretions that protect mucous membranes?

<p>IgA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Fc region of an antibody molecule?

<p>To bind to complement factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is restricted to anti-parasitic defenses and allergic reactions?

<p>IgE (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of antibodies in agglutination?

<p>To cause pathogens to clump together for easier destruction by phagocytic cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is the first antibody produced and secreted by B cells during the primary and secondary immune responses?

<p>IgM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in complement activation?

<p>To recruit phagocytes and enhance phagocytosis and killing of gram-negative bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class accounts for the majority of serum antibodies in human blood?

<p>IgG (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of antibodies in ADCC?

<p>To enhance killing of large pathogens through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is a membrane-bound monomer found on the surface of B cells?

<p>IgD (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most efficient antibody class for agglutination?

<p>IgM (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Fab region of an antibody molecule?

<p>To bind to antigens on the surface of pathogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Fc region of an antibody molecule?

<p>It is the site of complement factor binding and binding to phagocytic cells during antibody-mediated opsonization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of IgE antibodies?

<p>They are restricted to anti-parasitic defenses and allergic reactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in agglutination?

<p>They cause agglutination or aggregation of pathogens, making them easier for phagocytes to ingest and destroy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most efficient antibody for agglutination?

<p>IgM (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in complement activation?

<p>They activate the complement cascade through the classical pathway, recruiting phagocytes and enhancing phagocytosis and killing of gram-negative bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of IgA antibodies?

<p>They account for about 13% of total serum antibody and are found in mucus secretions that protect mucous membranes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)?

<p>They enhance killing of large pathogens through ADCC, involving NK cells, macrophages, and eosinophils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of IgD antibodies?

<p>They are a membrane-bound monomer found on the surface of B cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in neutralization?

<p>They neutralize pathogens by binding to their antigens, preventing them from attaching to target cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of antibodies in linking adaptive specific immunity and innate nonspecific immunity?

<p>They provide an important link between adaptive specific immunity and innate nonspecific immunity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in opsonization?

<p>They bind to pathogens and help phagocytic cells attach to and engulf them (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the constant region of an antibody molecule?

<p>It determines the class or isotype of the antibody (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of antibodies in immune defense?

<p>To neutralize pathogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is restricted to anti-parasitic defenses and allergic reactions?

<p>IgE (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is found in mucus secretions that protect mucous membranes?

<p>IgA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is the first antibody produced and secreted by B cells during the primary and secondary immune responses?

<p>IgM (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Fc region of an antibody molecule?

<p>To bind to complement factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is a membrane-bound monomer found on the surface of B cells?

<p>IgD (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most efficient antibody class for agglutination?

<p>IgM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class accounts for the majority of total serum antibody?

<p>IgG (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in opsonization?

<p>To tag pathogens for destruction by phagocytic cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in complement activation?

<p>To enhance phagocytosis and killing of gram-negative bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in ADCC?

<p>To enhance killing of large pathogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of IgM antibodies?

<p>Pentameric (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of antibodies in immune defense?

<p>To enhance the body's ability to defend against pathogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody is the most efficient for agglutination?

<p>IgM (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Fc region of an antibody molecule?

<p>To bind to complement factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is restricted to anti-parasitic defenses and allergic reactions?

<p>IgE (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of IgA antibodies?

<p>To protect mucous membranes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody is the first produced and secreted by B cells during the primary and secondary immune responses?

<p>IgM (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)?

<p>To enhance killing of large pathogens through effector cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the antibody molecule determines its class?

<p>Constant region (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in agglutination?

<p>To make pathogens easier for phagocytes to ingest and destroy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody is versatile in defending against pathogens?

<p>IgG (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of antigens?

<p>To trigger the adaptive immune response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the site of antigen binding on the antibody molecule?

<p>Fab region (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of antibodies in immune defense?

<p>To neutralize or eliminate foreign antigens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is found in mucus secretions that protect mucous membranes?

<p>IgA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the least abundant antibody class in serum?

<p>IgE (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is a membrane-bound monomer found on the surface of B cells?

<p>IgD (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Fc region of the antibody molecule?

<p>To bind to phagocytic cells during antibody-mediated opsonization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is the first antibody produced and secreted by B cells during the primary and secondary immune responses?

<p>IgM (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in agglutination?

<p>To recruit phagocytes and enhance phagocytosis and killing of gram-negative bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is versatile in defending against pathogens?

<p>IgG (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in complement activation?

<p>To activate the complement cascade through the classical pathway (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of IgM antibodies?

<p>Pentameric (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of antibodies in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)?

<p>To release cytotoxins to kill the pathogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the link between adaptive specific immunity and innate nonspecific immunity?

<p>Antibodies provide an important link between adaptive specific immunity and innate nonspecific immunity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of antibodies in immune defense?

<p>To eliminate pathogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is found in mucus secretions that protect mucous membranes?

<p>IgA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Fc region of the antibody molecule?

<p>To bind to complement factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is restricted to anti-parasitic defenses and allergic reactions?

<p>IgE (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of neutralization in immune defense?

<p>To prevent pathogen attachment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is a membrane-bound monomer found on the surface of B cells?

<p>IgD (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of agglutination in immune defense?

<p>To make pathogens easier to ingest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is the first antibody produced and secreted by B cells during the primary and secondary immune responses?

<p>IgM (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of opsonization in immune defense?

<p>To tag pathogens for destruction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is versatile in defending against pathogens?

<p>IgG (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in immune defense?

<p>To tag pathogens for destruction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the constant region of the antibody molecule?

<p>To determine the antibody class (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Fc region of an antibody molecule?

<p>It is the site of complement factor binding and binding to phagocytic cells during antibody-mediated opsonization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of IgE antibodies?

<p>To defend against parasites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody is the first produced and secreted by B cells during the primary and secondary immune responses?

<p>IgM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of IgD antibodies?

<p>To act as a membrane-bound monomer found on the surface of B cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in agglutination?

<p>To make pathogens easier for phagocytes to ingest and destroy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody accounts for about 13% of total serum antibody and is found in mucus secretions that protect mucous membranes?

<p>IgA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most efficient antibody for agglutination?

<p>IgM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in complement activation?

<p>To recruit phagocytes and enhance phagocytosis and killing of gram-negative bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in neutralization?

<p>To prevent pathogens or toxins from attaching to cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody is the most versatile in defending against pathogens?

<p>IgG (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in ADCC?

<p>To enhance killing of large pathogens through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the constant region of the antibody molecule?

<p>It determines the class or isotype of the antibody (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Fc region of an antibody molecule?

<p>It is the site of complement factor binding and binding to phagocytic cells during antibody-mediated opsonization. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is restricted to anti-parasitic defenses and allergic reactions?

<p>IgE (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most efficient antibody for agglutination?

<p>IgM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ADCC in immune defense?

<p>To enhance killing of large pathogens through the involvement of NK cells, macrophages, and eosinophils. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class accounts for about 13% of total serum antibody and is found in mucus secretions that protect mucous membranes?

<p>IgA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies in immune defense?

<p>Activation of the adaptive immune response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of IgD antibodies?

<p>To act as a membrane-bound monomer found on the surface of B cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is versatile in defending against pathogens?

<p>IgG (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of neutralization in immune defense?

<p>To prevent pathogens from attaching to target cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is the first antibody produced and secreted by B cells during the primary and secondary immune responses?

<p>IgM (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in opsonization?

<p>To bind to pathogens and help phagocytic cells attach to and engulf them. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of IgM antibodies?

<p>Pentameric with ten Fab binding sites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of antibodies in immune defense?

<p>To neutralize pathogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most efficient antibody for agglutination?

<p>IgM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is restricted to anti-parasitic defenses and allergic reactions?

<p>IgE (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Fc region of an antibody molecule?

<p>To bind to phagocytic cells during opsonization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class accounts for about 13% of total serum antibody and is found in mucus secretions that protect mucous membranes?

<p>IgA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first antibody produced and secreted by B cells during the primary and secondary immune responses?

<p>IgM (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the site of antigen binding on an antibody molecule?

<p>The Fab region (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is versatile in defending against pathogens?

<p>IgG (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in agglutination?

<p>To cause clumping of pathogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in ADCC?

<p>To enhance killing of large pathogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is a membrane-bound monomer found on the surface of B cells?

<p>IgD (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of antibodies in complement activation?

<p>To recruit phagocytes and enhance phagocytosis and killing of gram-negative bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are antigens?

<p>Molecules that trigger the adaptive immune response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Fab region of an antibody molecule?

<p>Site of antigen binding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the class or isotype of an antibody?

<p>The constant region of the antibody molecule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is the least abundant in serum?

<p>IgE (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of IgA antibodies?

<p>Protect mucous membranes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of antibodies in immune defense?

<p>Neutralize or eliminate foreign antigens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is the first antibody produced and secreted by B cells during the primary and secondary immune responses?

<p>IgM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most efficient antibody class for agglutination?

<p>IgM (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is opsonization?

<p>Tagging pathogens for destruction by phagocytic cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in complement activation?

<p>Recruiting phagocytes and enhancing phagocytosis and killing of gram-negative bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ADCC?

<p>Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of IgM antibodies?

<p>Pentameric with ten Fab binding sites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of antibodies in immune defense?

<p>To neutralize or eliminate foreign antigens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is the most efficient for agglutination?

<p>IgM (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of IgE antibodies in immune defense?

<p>To defend against parasites and allergies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the antibody molecule is the site of complement factor binding?

<p>Fc region (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the class or isotype of an antibody molecule?

<p>The constant region (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of IgA antibodies in immune defense?

<p>To protect mucous membranes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is the most abundant in human blood?

<p>IgG (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in opsonization?

<p>To enhance phagocytosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is a membrane-bound monomer found on the surface of B cells?

<p>IgD (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in complement activation?

<p>To recruit phagocytes and enhance phagocytosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in ADCC?

<p>To enhance killing of large pathogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of antibodies in neutralization?

<p>To neutralize or eliminate foreign antigens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are antigens?

<p>Molecules that trigger the adaptive immune response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Fc region of an antibody molecule?

<p>Site of complement factor binding and binding to phagocytic cells during antibody-mediated opsonization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the class or isotype of an antibody?

<p>The constant region of the antibody molecule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody is the first produced and secreted by B cells during the primary and secondary immune responses?

<p>IgM (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody accounts for about 13% of total serum antibody and is found in mucus secretions that protect mucous membranes?

<p>IgA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody is a membrane-bound monomer found on the surface of B cells?

<p>IgD (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody is restricted to anti-parasitic defenses and allergic reactions?

<p>IgE (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in agglutination?

<p>Making pathogens easier for phagocytes to ingest and destroy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody is the most efficient for agglutination?

<p>IgM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)?

<p>Effector cells releasing cytotoxins to kill the pathogen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most abundant antibody in human blood?

<p>IgG (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in complement activation?

<p>Activating the complement cascade through the classical pathway (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of antigens in the immune response?

<p>To trigger the adaptive immune response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the antibody molecule is responsible for antigen binding?

<p>Fab region (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is found in mucus secretions that protect mucous membranes?

<p>IgA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of IgE antibodies?

<p>Anti-parasitic defenses and allergic reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is the first antibody produced and secreted by B cells during the primary and secondary immune responses?

<p>IgM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in opsonization?

<p>To tag pathogens for destruction by phagocytic cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is versatile in defending against pathogens and is the most abundant antibody in human blood?

<p>IgG (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in neutralization?

<p>To bind to pathogens and prevent their attachment to target cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is a membrane-bound monomer found on the surface of B cells?

<p>IgD (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in ADCC?

<p>To enhance killing of large pathogens through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is restricted to anti-parasitic defenses and allergic reactions?

<p>IgE (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of antibodies in immune defense?

<p>All of the above (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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