219 Questions
What is an antigen?
A pathogen-specific molecular structure that triggers the adaptive immune response.
What is the function of the Fab region of an antibody molecule?
It is the site of antigen binding.
What is the most abundant antibody in human blood?
IgG
What is the function of IgA antibodies?
They are found in mucus secretions that protect mucous membranes.
What is the function of antibodies in opsonization?
Tagging pathogens for destruction by phagocytic cells.
What is the function of IgM antibodies?
They are the most efficient for agglutination.
What is the function of antibodies in neutralization?
Binding to certain antibodies on the surface of pathogens or toxins, preventing their attachment to cells.
What is the function of antibodies in ADCC?
Enhancing killing of large pathogens through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
What is the role of antibodies in immune defense?
Enhancing the body's ability to defend against a wide range of pathogens.
What is an antigen?
A pathogen-specific molecular structure that triggers the adaptive immune response.
What is the function of the Fab region of an antibody molecule?
It is the site of antigen binding.
What is the most abundant antibody in human blood?
IgG
What is the function of IgA antibodies?
They are found in mucus secretions that protect mucous membranes.
What is the function of antibodies in opsonization?
Tagging pathogens for destruction by phagocytic cells.
What is the function of IgM antibodies?
They are the most efficient for agglutination.
What is the function of antibodies in neutralization?
Binding to certain antibodies on the surface of pathogens or toxins, preventing their attachment to cells.
What is the function of antibodies in ADCC?
Enhancing killing of large pathogens through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
What is the role of antibodies in immune defense?
Enhancing the body's ability to defend against a wide range of pathogens.
Which of the following is true about antigens?
They are unique to a specific pathogen
What is the function of the Fab region of an antibody molecule?
Binding to antigens
Which antibody class is the most abundant in human blood?
IgG
What is the function of IgA antibodies?
Protection of mucous membranes
What is the function of antibodies in neutralization?
Preventing attachment of pathogens to cells
Which antibody class is restricted to anti-parasitic defenses and allergic reactions?
IgE
What is the function of antibodies in agglutination?
Making pathogens easier for phagocytes to ingest and destroy
What is the function of IgM antibodies?
Opsonization for phagocytosis
What is the role of antibodies in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)?
Enhancing killing of large pathogens through effector cells
What is the primary function of antibodies in immune defense?
To neutralize pathogens
Which antibody class is restricted to anti-parasitic defenses and allergic reactions?
IgE
Which region of the antibody molecule is the site of complement factor binding and binding to phagocytic cells during antibody-mediated opsonization?
Fc region
Which antibody class is the first antibody produced and secreted by B cells during the primary and secondary immune responses?
IgM
What is the function of IgA antibodies?
To protect mucous membranes
Which antibody class accounts for about 13% of total serum antibody and is found in mucus secretions that protect mucous membranes?
IgA
What is the function of antibodies in agglutination?
To aggregate pathogens
Which antibody class is versatile in defending against pathogens?
IgG
What is the function of antibodies in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)?
To enhance killing of large pathogens
Which antibody class is a membrane-bound monomer found on the surface of B cells?
IgD
What is the most efficient antibody class for agglutination?
IgM
What is the role of antibodies in innate immunity?
To enhance the body's ability to defend against pathogens
What is the function of the Fc region of an antibody molecule?
Binding to complement factors
Which antibody is restricted to anti-parasitic defenses and allergic reactions?
IgE
What is the primary function of IgM antibodies?
Agglutination of pathogens
What is the function of antibodies in neutralization of pathogens?
Preventing attachment to target cells
Which antibody accounts for about 13% of total serum antibody and is found in mucus secretions that protect mucous membranes?
IgA
What is the function of antibodies in agglutination of pathogens?
Clumping pathogens together
Which antibody is a membrane-bound monomer found on the surface of B cells?
IgD
What is the function of antibodies in opsonization of pathogens?
Enhancing phagocytosis
Which antibody is versatile in defending against pathogens?
IgG
What is the function of antibodies in ADCC?
Enhancing killing of large pathogens
Which antibody is the first antibody produced and secreted by B cells during the primary and secondary immune responses?
IgM
Which region of the antibody molecule is the site of antigen binding?
Fab region
What is the primary function of antibodies in immune defense?
To eliminate pathogens
Which antibody class accounts for about 13% of total serum antibody and is found in mucus secretions that protect mucous membranes?
IgA
What is the least abundant antibody class in serum and is restricted to anti-parasitic defenses and allergic reactions?
IgE
Which region of the antibody molecule is the site of complement factor binding and binding to phagocytic cells during antibody-mediated opsonization?
Fc region
Which antibody class is the first antibody produced and secreted by B cells during the primary and secondary immune responses?
IgM
Which antibody class is versatile in defending against pathogens and is the most abundant antibody in human blood?
IgG
What is the function of antibodies in agglutination?
To cause aggregation of pathogens
What antibody class has a pentameric structure with ten Fab binding sites, making them the most efficient for agglutination?
IgM
What is the function of antibodies in neutralization?
To neutralize toxins
What is the function of antibodies in ADCC?
To eliminate pathogens
What is the function of antibodies in opsonization?
To enhance phagocytosis
What is the role of antibodies in innate immunity?
To enhance phagocytosis
What is the primary function of antibodies in immune defense?
To prevent the attachment of pathogens to target cells
Which antibody class is found in mucus secretions that protect mucous membranes?
IgA
What is the role of the Fc region of an antibody molecule?
To bind to complement factors
Which antibody class is restricted to anti-parasitic defenses and allergic reactions?
IgE
What is the primary function of antibodies in agglutination?
To cause pathogens to clump together for easier destruction by phagocytic cells
Which antibody class is the first antibody produced and secreted by B cells during the primary and secondary immune responses?
IgM
What is the function of antibodies in complement activation?
To recruit phagocytes and enhance phagocytosis and killing of gram-negative bacteria
Which antibody class accounts for the majority of serum antibodies in human blood?
IgG
What is the role of antibodies in ADCC?
To enhance killing of large pathogens through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
Which antibody class is a membrane-bound monomer found on the surface of B cells?
IgD
What is the most efficient antibody class for agglutination?
IgM
What is the function of the Fab region of an antibody molecule?
To bind to antigens on the surface of pathogens
What is the role of the Fc region of an antibody molecule?
It is the site of complement factor binding and binding to phagocytic cells during antibody-mediated opsonization
What is the function of IgE antibodies?
They are restricted to anti-parasitic defenses and allergic reactions
What is the function of antibodies in agglutination?
They cause agglutination or aggregation of pathogens, making them easier for phagocytes to ingest and destroy
What is the most efficient antibody for agglutination?
IgM
What is the function of antibodies in complement activation?
They activate the complement cascade through the classical pathway, recruiting phagocytes and enhancing phagocytosis and killing of gram-negative bacteria
What is the function of IgA antibodies?
They account for about 13% of total serum antibody and are found in mucus secretions that protect mucous membranes
What is the function of antibodies in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)?
They enhance killing of large pathogens through ADCC, involving NK cells, macrophages, and eosinophils
What is the function of IgD antibodies?
They are a membrane-bound monomer found on the surface of B cells
What is the function of antibodies in neutralization?
They neutralize pathogens by binding to their antigens, preventing them from attaching to target cells
What is the role of antibodies in linking adaptive specific immunity and innate nonspecific immunity?
They provide an important link between adaptive specific immunity and innate nonspecific immunity
What is the function of antibodies in opsonization?
They bind to pathogens and help phagocytic cells attach to and engulf them
What is the function of the constant region of an antibody molecule?
It determines the class or isotype of the antibody
What is the primary function of antibodies in immune defense?
To neutralize pathogens
Which antibody class is restricted to anti-parasitic defenses and allergic reactions?
IgE
Which antibody class is found in mucus secretions that protect mucous membranes?
IgA
Which antibody class is the first antibody produced and secreted by B cells during the primary and secondary immune responses?
IgM
What is the function of the Fc region of an antibody molecule?
To bind to complement factors
Which antibody class is a membrane-bound monomer found on the surface of B cells?
IgD
What is the most efficient antibody class for agglutination?
IgM
Which antibody class accounts for the majority of total serum antibody?
IgG
What is the function of antibodies in opsonization?
To tag pathogens for destruction by phagocytic cells
What is the function of antibodies in complement activation?
To enhance phagocytosis and killing of gram-negative bacteria
What is the function of antibodies in ADCC?
To enhance killing of large pathogens
What is the structure of IgM antibodies?
Pentameric
What is the primary function of antibodies in immune defense?
To enhance the body's ability to defend against pathogens
Which antibody is the most efficient for agglutination?
IgM
What is the role of the Fc region of an antibody molecule?
To bind to complement factors
Which antibody class is restricted to anti-parasitic defenses and allergic reactions?
IgE
What is the function of IgA antibodies?
To protect mucous membranes
Which antibody is the first produced and secreted by B cells during the primary and secondary immune responses?
IgM
What is the function of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)?
To enhance killing of large pathogens through effector cells
Which region of the antibody molecule determines its class?
Constant region
What is the function of antibodies in agglutination?
To make pathogens easier for phagocytes to ingest and destroy
Which antibody is versatile in defending against pathogens?
IgG
What is the primary function of antigens?
To trigger the adaptive immune response
What is the site of antigen binding on the antibody molecule?
Fab region
What is the primary function of antibodies in immune defense?
To neutralize or eliminate foreign antigens
Which antibody class is found in mucus secretions that protect mucous membranes?
IgA
What is the least abundant antibody class in serum?
IgE
Which antibody class is a membrane-bound monomer found on the surface of B cells?
IgD
What is the function of the Fc region of the antibody molecule?
To bind to phagocytic cells during antibody-mediated opsonization
Which antibody class is the first antibody produced and secreted by B cells during the primary and secondary immune responses?
IgM
What is the function of antibodies in agglutination?
To recruit phagocytes and enhance phagocytosis and killing of gram-negative bacteria
Which antibody class is versatile in defending against pathogens?
IgG
What is the function of antibodies in complement activation?
To activate the complement cascade through the classical pathway
What is the structure of IgM antibodies?
Pentameric
What is the role of antibodies in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)?
To release cytotoxins to kill the pathogen
What is the link between adaptive specific immunity and innate nonspecific immunity?
Antibodies provide an important link between adaptive specific immunity and innate nonspecific immunity
What is the primary function of antibodies in immune defense?
To eliminate pathogens
Which antibody class is found in mucus secretions that protect mucous membranes?
IgA
What is the function of the Fc region of the antibody molecule?
To bind to complement factors
Which antibody class is restricted to anti-parasitic defenses and allergic reactions?
IgE
What is the primary function of neutralization in immune defense?
To prevent pathogen attachment
Which antibody class is a membrane-bound monomer found on the surface of B cells?
IgD
What is the function of agglutination in immune defense?
To make pathogens easier to ingest
Which antibody class is the first antibody produced and secreted by B cells during the primary and secondary immune responses?
IgM
What is the function of opsonization in immune defense?
To tag pathogens for destruction
Which antibody class is versatile in defending against pathogens?
IgG
What is the function of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in immune defense?
To tag pathogens for destruction
What is the function of the constant region of the antibody molecule?
To determine the antibody class
What is the role of the Fc region of an antibody molecule?
It is the site of complement factor binding and binding to phagocytic cells during antibody-mediated opsonization
What is the function of IgE antibodies?
To defend against parasites
Which antibody is the first produced and secreted by B cells during the primary and secondary immune responses?
IgM
What is the function of IgD antibodies?
To act as a membrane-bound monomer found on the surface of B cells
What is the function of antibodies in agglutination?
To make pathogens easier for phagocytes to ingest and destroy
Which antibody accounts for about 13% of total serum antibody and is found in mucus secretions that protect mucous membranes?
IgA
What is the most efficient antibody for agglutination?
IgM
What is the function of antibodies in complement activation?
To recruit phagocytes and enhance phagocytosis and killing of gram-negative bacteria
What is the function of antibodies in neutralization?
To prevent pathogens or toxins from attaching to cells
Which antibody is the most versatile in defending against pathogens?
IgG
What is the function of antibodies in ADCC?
To enhance killing of large pathogens through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)
What is the role of the constant region of the antibody molecule?
It determines the class or isotype of the antibody
What is the role of the Fc region of an antibody molecule?
It is the site of complement factor binding and binding to phagocytic cells during antibody-mediated opsonization.
Which antibody class is restricted to anti-parasitic defenses and allergic reactions?
IgE
What is the most efficient antibody for agglutination?
IgM
What is the function of ADCC in immune defense?
To enhance killing of large pathogens through the involvement of NK cells, macrophages, and eosinophils.
Which antibody class accounts for about 13% of total serum antibody and is found in mucus secretions that protect mucous membranes?
IgA
Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies in immune defense?
Activation of the adaptive immune response
What is the function of IgD antibodies?
To act as a membrane-bound monomer found on the surface of B cells.
Which antibody class is versatile in defending against pathogens?
IgG
What is the primary function of neutralization in immune defense?
To prevent pathogens from attaching to target cells.
Which antibody class is the first antibody produced and secreted by B cells during the primary and secondary immune responses?
IgM
What is the function of antibodies in opsonization?
To bind to pathogens and help phagocytic cells attach to and engulf them.
What is the structure of IgM antibodies?
Pentameric with ten Fab binding sites
What is the primary function of antibodies in immune defense?
To neutralize pathogens
What is the most efficient antibody for agglutination?
IgM
Which antibody class is restricted to anti-parasitic defenses and allergic reactions?
IgE
What is the function of the Fc region of an antibody molecule?
To bind to phagocytic cells during opsonization
Which antibody class accounts for about 13% of total serum antibody and is found in mucus secretions that protect mucous membranes?
IgA
What is the first antibody produced and secreted by B cells during the primary and secondary immune responses?
IgM
What is the site of antigen binding on an antibody molecule?
The Fab region
Which antibody class is versatile in defending against pathogens?
IgG
What is the function of antibodies in agglutination?
To cause clumping of pathogens
What is the function of antibodies in ADCC?
To enhance killing of large pathogens
Which antibody class is a membrane-bound monomer found on the surface of B cells?
IgD
What is the role of antibodies in complement activation?
To recruit phagocytes and enhance phagocytosis and killing of gram-negative bacteria
What are antigens?
Molecules that trigger the adaptive immune response
What is the role of the Fab region of an antibody molecule?
Site of antigen binding
What determines the class or isotype of an antibody?
The constant region of the antibody molecule
Which antibody class is the least abundant in serum?
IgE
What is the function of IgA antibodies?
Protect mucous membranes
What is the primary function of antibodies in immune defense?
Neutralize or eliminate foreign antigens
Which antibody class is the first antibody produced and secreted by B cells during the primary and secondary immune responses?
IgM
What is the most efficient antibody class for agglutination?
IgM
What is opsonization?
Tagging pathogens for destruction by phagocytic cells
What is the function of antibodies in complement activation?
Recruiting phagocytes and enhancing phagocytosis and killing of gram-negative bacteria
What is ADCC?
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
What is the structure of IgM antibodies?
Pentameric with ten Fab binding sites
What is the primary function of antibodies in immune defense?
To neutralize or eliminate foreign antigens
Which antibody class is the most efficient for agglutination?
IgM
What is the role of IgE antibodies in immune defense?
To defend against parasites and allergies
Which region of the antibody molecule is the site of complement factor binding?
Fc region
What determines the class or isotype of an antibody molecule?
The constant region
What is the function of IgA antibodies in immune defense?
To protect mucous membranes
Which antibody class is the most abundant in human blood?
IgG
What is the function of antibodies in opsonization?
To enhance phagocytosis
Which antibody class is a membrane-bound monomer found on the surface of B cells?
IgD
What is the function of antibodies in complement activation?
To recruit phagocytes and enhance phagocytosis
What is the function of antibodies in ADCC?
To enhance killing of large pathogens
What is the role of antibodies in neutralization?
To neutralize or eliminate foreign antigens
What are antigens?
Molecules that trigger the adaptive immune response
What is the function of the Fc region of an antibody molecule?
Site of complement factor binding and binding to phagocytic cells during antibody-mediated opsonization
What determines the class or isotype of an antibody?
The constant region of the antibody molecule
Which antibody is the first produced and secreted by B cells during the primary and secondary immune responses?
IgM
Which antibody accounts for about 13% of total serum antibody and is found in mucus secretions that protect mucous membranes?
IgA
Which antibody is a membrane-bound monomer found on the surface of B cells?
IgD
Which antibody is restricted to anti-parasitic defenses and allergic reactions?
IgE
What is the function of antibodies in agglutination?
Making pathogens easier for phagocytes to ingest and destroy
Which antibody is the most efficient for agglutination?
IgM
What is the process of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)?
Effector cells releasing cytotoxins to kill the pathogen
What is the most abundant antibody in human blood?
IgG
What is the function of antibodies in complement activation?
Activating the complement cascade through the classical pathway
What is the primary function of antigens in the immune response?
To trigger the adaptive immune response
Which region of the antibody molecule is responsible for antigen binding?
Fab region
Which antibody class is found in mucus secretions that protect mucous membranes?
IgA
What is the function of IgE antibodies?
Anti-parasitic defenses and allergic reactions
Which antibody class is the first antibody produced and secreted by B cells during the primary and secondary immune responses?
IgM
What is the function of antibodies in opsonization?
To tag pathogens for destruction by phagocytic cells
Which antibody class is versatile in defending against pathogens and is the most abundant antibody in human blood?
IgG
What is the function of antibodies in neutralization?
To bind to pathogens and prevent their attachment to target cells
Which antibody class is a membrane-bound monomer found on the surface of B cells?
IgD
What is the function of antibodies in ADCC?
To enhance killing of large pathogens through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
Which antibody class is restricted to anti-parasitic defenses and allergic reactions?
IgE
What is the role of antibodies in immune defense?
All of the above
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