Test your knowledge on Seismic Reflection Processing and Seismic Surveying and D...

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of seismic reflection processing?

To increase the signal-to-noise ratio (correct)

To stack seismic traces

To remove hydrocarbons from the seismic data

To determine the dip angle of the reflectors

What is the formula used to estimate dipping layers in seismic surveying?

Δx / Δtd = sinθ ~ V(Δtd / Δx)

Δtd / Δx = cosθ ~ V(Δtd / Δx)

Δx / Δtd = cosθ ~ V(Δtd / Δx)

Δtd / Δx = sinθ ~ V(Δtd / Δx) (correct)

What are the three stages involved in seismic surveying?

Pre-stack, post-stack, interpretation

Pre-processing, post-processing, interpretation

Pre-migration, migrated stack, interpretation (correct)

Pre-migration, post-migration, interpretation

What are Direct Hydrocarbon Indicators (DHI)?

Anomalous seismic responses related to the presence of hydrocarbons Signup and view all the answers

What is the AVO response dependent on?

Velocities of P- and S-waves and on density Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in AVO response when gas, oil, and water fill the pore space of some reservoirs?

AVO response differs Signup and view all the answers

What are the two parameters used to quantify the AVO response?

Intercept (A) and slope (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of mapping the extent of the A1 gas-filled reservoir?

To detect pore-fill anomalies and map their lateral extent Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of stacking seismic traces?

To increase the signal-to-noise ratio Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to estimate dipping layers?

Δtd / Δx = sinθ ~ V(Δtd / Δx) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of migration in seismic surveying?

To move reflections back to their point of origin Signup and view all the answers

What are Direct Hydrocarbon Indicators (DHI)?

Anomalous seismic responses related to the presence of hydrocarbons Signup and view all the answers

What is the AVO analysis technique used for in seismic surveying?

To detect the presence of hydrocarbons in the reservoir Signup and view all the answers

What is the AVO response dependent on?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What are the DHI signatures that can be used to detect the presence of hydrocarbons?

Amplitude anomaly, fluid contact reflection, and fit to structural contours Signup and view all the answers

What is moveout in seismic surveying?

The different values for travel time for two geophones positioned on both sides of the shotpoint Signup and view all the answers

Filtering data is a process to increase the amount of seismic noise in the data.

False Signup and view all the answers

Seismic noise can be removed by applying frequency domain filters such as the high pass, low pass, band pass, and notch filters.

True Signup and view all the answers

Common depth/mid point (CMP) stacking is a method of reducing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

False Signup and view all the answers

The seismic trace is the convolution of the reflectivity function and the input (source) pulse, and deconvolution is a method that further adds noise to the seismic traces.

False Signup and view all the answers

To find the dip angle, the value of travel time for two geophones positioned on both sides with different distances is needed.

False Signup and view all the answers

Migration is a process of trying to move reflections back to their point of origin, and it is designed to restore seismic reflectors to their proper x—y position.

True Signup and view all the answers

Seismic surveying involves pre-migration, migrated stack, and interpretation of seismic data to distinguish major reflectors and geometries of seismic sequences.

True Signup and view all the answers

AVO response is dependent on the velocities of P- and S-waves and on density to define the pore space and fluids within the rock matrix.

True Signup and view all the answers

Applying high pass, low pass, band pass, and notch filters can increase seismic noise.

False Signup and view all the answers

Stacking seismic traces can improve the signal-to-noise ratio.

True Signup and view all the answers

CMP stacking is a method of reducing the signal-to-noise ratio.

False Signup and view all the answers

The fold of a CMP is determined by the number of geophones and array spacings the source is moved between shots.

True Signup and view all the answers

Deconvolution is a method that removes noise from the seismic traces.

True Signup and view all the answers

The value of travel time for two geophones positioned on both sides with the same distance can help find the dip angle.

True Signup and view all the answers

Migration is a process of trying to move reflections back to their point of origin, and it is designed to restore seismic reflectors to their proper x—y position.

True Signup and view all the answers

AVO analysis helps determine thickness, porosity, density, velocity, lithology, and fluid content of rocks by examining variations in reflection amplitude with time.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of filtering seismic data?

To remove noise and improve the visual display of seismic sections. Signup and view all the answers

What are the four types of frequency domain filters used to remove seismic noise?

High pass, low pass, band pass, and notch filters. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of stacking seismic traces?

To reduce noise amplitude and improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Signup and view all the answers

What is CMP stacking?

A method of increasing the signal-to-noise ratio by summation of signals from a number of input channels. Signup and view all the answers

What is deconvolution in seismic processing?

A method that further removes noise of the seismic traces. Signup and view all the answers

What is migration in seismic processing?

A process of trying to move reflections back to their point of origin to restore seismic reflectors to their proper x—y position. Signup and view all the answers

What are Direct Hydrocarbon Indicators (DHI)?

Anomalous seismic responses related to the presence of hydrocarbons, caused by the decrease in acoustic impedance of a porous rock as hydrocarbon replaces brine in pore spaces of the rock. Signup and view all the answers

What is the AVO response in seismic processing?

A seismic technique that uses pre-stack seismic data to detect the presence of hydrocarbons in the reservoir by examining variations in reflection amplitude with angle or offset. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Seismic Reflection Processing

Filtering data is a process to cut off unlikely frequencies due to noise, and it is done through a suitable filter.
Seismic data is usually contaminated by noise, which can be removed through filtering to improve the visual display of seismic sections.
Seismic noise can be removed by applying frequency domain filters such as the high pass, low pass, band pass, and notch filters.
Stacking seismic traces can also reduce noise amplitude and improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
Common depth/mid point (CMP) stacking is a method of increasing the signal-to-noise ratio by summation of signals from a number of input channels.
The fold of a CMP can be determined by the number of geophones and array spacings the source is moved between shots.
The summation of signals from a number of similar input channels for the purpose of increasing the signal-to-noise ratio is known as stacking.
The seismic trace is the convolution of the reflectivity function and the input (source) pulse, and deconvolution is a method that further removes noise of the seismic traces.
The travel time curve is a hyperbola, and the different values for travel time for two geophones positioned on both sides of the shotpoint is known as moveout.
To find the dip angle, the value of travel time for two geophones positioned on both sides with the same distance is needed.
Migration is a process of trying to move reflections back to their point of origin, and it is designed to restore seismic reflectors to their proper x—y position.
Migration is necessary when beds dip steeply, and the wave returns from the reflector from a point not immediately beneath the surface location.Seismic Surveying and Direct Hydrocarbon Indicators (DHI)
Dipping layers can be estimated using the formula Δtd / Δx = sinθ ~ V(Δtd / Δx), where Δtd is dip moveout and V is velocity.
Seismic surveying involves pre-migration, migrated stack, and interpretation of seismic data to distinguish major reflectors and geometries of seismic sequences.
Direct Hydrocarbon Indicators (DHI) are anomalous seismic responses related to the presence of hydrocarbons, caused by the decrease in acoustic impedance of a porous rock as hydrocarbon replaces brine in pore spaces of the rock.
Impedance depth trends show that oil sands are lower impedance than water sands and shales, and gas sands are lower impedance than oil sands.
DHI signatures include amplitude anomaly, fluid contact reflection, and fit to structural contours.
Amplitude Variation with Offset (AVO) is a seismic technique that uses pre-stack seismic data to detect the presence of hydrocarbons in the reservoir.
AVO analysis helps determine thickness, porosity, density, velocity, lithology, and fluid content of rocks, by examining variations in reflection amplitude with angle or offset.
AVO response is dependent on the velocities of P- and S-waves and on density to define the pore space and fluids within the rock matrix.
AVO response differs when gas, oil, and water fill the pore space of some reservoirs.
The AVO response can be quantified in terms of two parameters: intercept (A) and slope (B).
Maps or crossplots of AVO responses can be used to detect pore-fill anomalies, i.e. hydrocarbons, and map their lateral extent.
The goal of the exercise is to map the extent of the A1 gas-filled reservoir using changes in amplitude that indicate fluid (gas sand, water sand).

Seismic Reflection Processing

Filtering data is a process to cut off unlikely frequencies due to noise, and it is done through a suitable filter.
Seismic data is usually contaminated by noise, which can be removed through filtering to improve the visual display of seismic sections.
Seismic noise can be removed by applying frequency domain filters such as the high pass, low pass, band pass, and notch filters.
Stacking seismic traces can also reduce noise amplitude and improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
Common depth/mid point (CMP) stacking is a method of increasing the signal-to-noise ratio by summation of signals from a number of input channels.
The fold of a CMP can be determined by the number of geophones and array spacings the source is moved between shots.
The summation of signals from a number of similar input channels for the purpose of increasing the signal-to-noise ratio is known as stacking.
The seismic trace is the convolution of the reflectivity function and the input (source) pulse, and deconvolution is a method that further removes noise of the seismic traces.
The travel time curve is a hyperbola, and the different values for travel time for two geophones positioned on both sides of the shotpoint is known as moveout.
To find the dip angle, the value of travel time for two geophones positioned on both sides with the same distance is needed.
Migration is a process of trying to move reflections back to their point of origin, and it is designed to restore seismic reflectors to their proper x—y position.
Migration is necessary when beds dip steeply, and the wave returns from the reflector from a point not immediately beneath the surface location.Seismic Surveying and Direct Hydrocarbon Indicators (DHI)
Dipping layers can be estimated using the formula Δtd / Δx = sinθ ~ V(Δtd / Δx), where Δtd is dip moveout and V is velocity.
Seismic surveying involves pre-migration, migrated stack, and interpretation of seismic data to distinguish major reflectors and geometries of seismic sequences.
Direct Hydrocarbon Indicators (DHI) are anomalous seismic responses related to the presence of hydrocarbons, caused by the decrease in acoustic impedance of a porous rock as hydrocarbon replaces brine in pore spaces of the rock.
Impedance depth trends show that oil sands are lower impedance than water sands and shales, and gas sands are lower impedance than oil sands.
DHI signatures include amplitude anomaly, fluid contact reflection, and fit to structural contours.
Amplitude Variation with Offset (AVO) is a seismic technique that uses pre-stack seismic data to detect the presence of hydrocarbons in the reservoir.
AVO analysis helps determine thickness, porosity, density, velocity, lithology, and fluid content of rocks, by examining variations in reflection amplitude with angle or offset.
AVO response is dependent on the velocities of P- and S-waves and on density to define the pore space and fluids within the rock matrix.
AVO response differs when gas, oil, and water fill the pore space of some reservoirs.
The AVO response can be quantified in terms of two parameters: intercept (A) and slope (B).
Maps or crossplots of AVO responses can be used to detect pore-fill anomalies, i.e. hydrocarbons, and map their lateral extent.
The goal of the exercise is to map the extent of the A1 gas-filled reservoir using changes in amplitude that indicate fluid (gas sand, water sand).

Seismic Reflection Processing

Filtering data is a process to cut off unlikely frequencies due to noise, and it is done through a suitable filter.
Seismic data is usually contaminated by noise, which can be removed through filtering to improve the visual display of seismic sections.
Seismic noise can be removed by applying frequency domain filters such as the high pass, low pass, band pass, and notch filters.
Stacking seismic traces can also reduce noise amplitude and improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
Common depth/mid point (CMP) stacking is a method of increasing the signal-to-noise ratio by summation of signals from a number of input channels.
The fold of a CMP can be determined by the number of geophones and array spacings the source is moved between shots.
The summation of signals from a number of similar input channels for the purpose of increasing the signal-to-noise ratio is known as stacking.
The seismic trace is the convolution of the reflectivity function and the input (source) pulse, and deconvolution is a method that further removes noise of the seismic traces.
The travel time curve is a hyperbola, and the different values for travel time for two geophones positioned on both sides of the shotpoint is known as moveout.
To find the dip angle, the value of travel time for two geophones positioned on both sides with the same distance is needed.
Migration is a process of trying to move reflections back to their point of origin, and it is designed to restore seismic reflectors to their proper x—y position.
Migration is necessary when beds dip steeply, and the wave returns from the reflector from a point not immediately beneath the surface location.Seismic Surveying and Direct Hydrocarbon Indicators (DHI)
Dipping layers can be estimated using the formula Δtd / Δx = sinθ ~ V(Δtd / Δx), where Δtd is dip moveout and V is velocity.
Seismic surveying involves pre-migration, migrated stack, and interpretation of seismic data to distinguish major reflectors and geometries of seismic sequences.
Direct Hydrocarbon Indicators (DHI) are anomalous seismic responses related to the presence of hydrocarbons, caused by the decrease in acoustic impedance of a porous rock as hydrocarbon replaces brine in pore spaces of the rock.
Impedance depth trends show that oil sands are lower impedance than water sands and shales, and gas sands are lower impedance than oil sands.
DHI signatures include amplitude anomaly, fluid contact reflection, and fit to structural contours.
Amplitude Variation with Offset (AVO) is a seismic technique that uses pre-stack seismic data to detect the presence of hydrocarbons in the reservoir.
AVO analysis helps determine thickness, porosity, density, velocity, lithology, and fluid content of rocks, by examining variations in reflection amplitude with angle or offset.
AVO response is dependent on the velocities of P- and S-waves and on density to define the pore space and fluids within the rock matrix.
AVO response differs when gas, oil, and water fill the pore space of some reservoirs.
The AVO response can be quantified in terms of two parameters: intercept (A) and slope (B).
Maps or crossplots of AVO responses can be used to detect pore-fill anomalies, i.e. hydrocarbons, and map their lateral extent.
The goal of the exercise is to map the extent of the A1 gas-filled reservoir using changes in amplitude that indicate fluid (gas sand, water sand).

Seismic Reflection Processing

Filtering data is a process to cut off unlikely frequencies due to noise, and it is done through a suitable filter.
Seismic data is usually contaminated by noise, which can be removed through filtering to improve the visual display of seismic sections.
Seismic noise can be removed by applying frequency domain filters such as the high pass, low pass, band pass, and notch filters.
Stacking seismic traces can also reduce noise amplitude and improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
Common depth/mid point (CMP) stacking is a method of increasing the signal-to-noise ratio by summation of signals from a number of input channels.
The fold of a CMP can be determined by the number of geophones and array spacings the source is moved between shots.
The summation of signals from a number of similar input channels for the purpose of increasing the signal-to-noise ratio is known as stacking.
The seismic trace is the convolution of the reflectivity function and the input (source) pulse, and deconvolution is a method that further removes noise of the seismic traces.
The travel time curve is a hyperbola, and the different values for travel time for two geophones positioned on both sides of the shotpoint is known as moveout.
To find the dip angle, the value of travel time for two geophones positioned on both sides with the same distance is needed.
Migration is a process of trying to move reflections back to their point of origin, and it is designed to restore seismic reflectors to their proper x—y position.
Migration is necessary when beds dip steeply, and the wave returns from the reflector from a point not immediately beneath the surface location.Seismic Surveying and Direct Hydrocarbon Indicators (DHI)
Dipping layers can be estimated using the formula Δtd / Δx = sinθ ~ V(Δtd / Δx), where Δtd is dip moveout and V is velocity.
Seismic surveying involves pre-migration, migrated stack, and interpretation of seismic data to distinguish major reflectors and geometries of seismic sequences.
Direct Hydrocarbon Indicators (DHI) are anomalous seismic responses related to the presence of hydrocarbons, caused by the decrease in acoustic impedance of a porous rock as hydrocarbon replaces brine in pore spaces of the rock.
Impedance depth trends show that oil sands are lower impedance than water sands and shales, and gas sands are lower impedance than oil sands.
DHI signatures include amplitude anomaly, fluid contact reflection, and fit to structural contours.
Amplitude Variation with Offset (AVO) is a seismic technique that uses pre-stack seismic data to detect the presence of hydrocarbons in the reservoir.
AVO analysis helps determine thickness, porosity, density, velocity, lithology, and fluid content of rocks, by examining variations in reflection amplitude with angle or offset.
AVO response is dependent on the velocities of P- and S-waves and on density to define the pore space and fluids within the rock matrix.
AVO response differs when gas, oil, and water fill the pore space of some reservoirs.
The AVO response can be quantified in terms of two parameters: intercept (A) and slope (B).
Maps or crossplots of AVO responses can be used to detect pore-fill anomalies, i.e. hydrocarbons, and map their lateral extent.
The goal of the exercise is to map the extent of the A1 gas-filled reservoir using changes in amplitude that indicate fluid (gas sand, water sand).

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on Seismic Reflection Processing and Seismic Surveying and Direct Hydrocarbon Indicators (DHI) with this informative quiz! Learn about filtering, stacking, deconvolution, migration, and more, as well as how to estimate dipping layers and detect the presence of hydrocarbons in reservoirs. This quiz is perfect for anyone interested in geophysics, petroleum exploration, or seismic data interpretation.

Test your knowledge on Seismic Reflection Processing and Seismic Surveying and D...

Podcast Beta

Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of seismic reflection processing?

What is the formula used to estimate dipping layers in seismic surveying?

What are the three stages involved in seismic surveying?

What are Direct Hydrocarbon Indicators (DHI)?

What is the AVO response dependent on?

What is the difference in AVO response when gas, oil, and water fill the pore space of some reservoirs?

What are the two parameters used to quantify the AVO response?

What is the goal of mapping the extent of the A1 gas-filled reservoir?

What is the purpose of stacking seismic traces?

What is the formula used to estimate dipping layers?

What is the purpose of migration in seismic surveying?

What are Direct Hydrocarbon Indicators (DHI)?

What is the AVO analysis technique used for in seismic surveying?

What is the AVO response dependent on?

What are the DHI signatures that can be used to detect the presence of hydrocarbons?

What is moveout in seismic surveying?

Filtering data is a process to increase the amount of seismic noise in the data.

Seismic noise can be removed by applying frequency domain filters such as the high pass, low pass, band pass, and notch filters.

Common depth/mid point (CMP) stacking is a method of reducing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

The seismic trace is the convolution of the reflectivity function and the input (source) pulse, and deconvolution is a method that further adds noise to the seismic traces.

To find the dip angle, the value of travel time for two geophones positioned on both sides with different distances is needed.

Migration is a process of trying to move reflections back to their point of origin, and it is designed to restore seismic reflectors to their proper x—y position.

Seismic surveying involves pre-migration, migrated stack, and interpretation of seismic data to distinguish major reflectors and geometries of seismic sequences.

AVO response is dependent on the velocities of P- and S-waves and on density to define the pore space and fluids within the rock matrix.

Applying high pass, low pass, band pass, and notch filters can increase seismic noise.

Stacking seismic traces can improve the signal-to-noise ratio.

CMP stacking is a method of reducing the signal-to-noise ratio.

The fold of a CMP is determined by the number of geophones and array spacings the source is moved between shots.

Deconvolution is a method that removes noise from the seismic traces.

The value of travel time for two geophones positioned on both sides with the same distance can help find the dip angle.

Migration is a process of trying to move reflections back to their point of origin, and it is designed to restore seismic reflectors to their proper x—y position.

AVO analysis helps determine thickness, porosity, density, velocity, lithology, and fluid content of rocks by examining variations in reflection amplitude with time.

What is the purpose of filtering seismic data?

What are the four types of frequency domain filters used to remove seismic noise?

What is the purpose of stacking seismic traces?

What is CMP stacking?

What is deconvolution in seismic processing?

What is migration in seismic processing?

What are Direct Hydrocarbon Indicators (DHI)?

What is the AVO response in seismic processing?

Study Notes

Studying That Suits You

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