Podcast
Questions and Answers
What factors are considered when making a decision between an offensive and defensive fire attack?
What factors are considered when making a decision between an offensive and defensive fire attack?
What is the Royer/Nelson formula based on?
What is the Royer/Nelson formula based on?
What is the major assumption of Royer and Nelson about structure fires?
What is the major assumption of Royer and Nelson about structure fires?
What is the A/3 formula developed by the National Fire Academy used for?
What is the A/3 formula developed by the National Fire Academy used for?
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What type of fires require less water than a free-burning fire?
What type of fires require less water than a free-burning fire?
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When should larger, more powerful streams be used during a fire attack?
When should larger, more powerful streams be used during a fire attack?
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What is the purpose of dividing large areas into smaller compartments during a fire attack?
What is the purpose of dividing large areas into smaller compartments during a fire attack?
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What is the progression to flashover primarily based on?
What is the progression to flashover primarily based on?
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What is the purpose of rate of flow calculations during a fire attack?
What is the purpose of rate of flow calculations during a fire attack?
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What is the most rational approach for calculating rate of flow for individual compartments?
What is the most rational approach for calculating rate of flow for individual compartments?
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When are large-area fires most likely to require larger hose lines and rate of flow principles?
When are large-area fires most likely to require larger hose lines and rate of flow principles?
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What type of fires are most likely to require a defensive attack?
What type of fires are most likely to require a defensive attack?
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Study Notes
- Offensive fire attack is preferred when conditions and resources permit an interior attack.
- Offensive versus defensive decision is based on staffing, water supply, ventilation, and risk-versus-benefit analysis.
- Rate of flow calculation is used to match the number and size of fire lines to flow requirements.
- There are three rate of flow calculation methods: Royer/Nelson, National Fire Academy, and sprinkler calculations.
- Royer/Nelson formula is based on the premise that the best rate of application is one that results in control of the fire within 30 seconds of effective application.
- The major assumption of Royer and Nelson is that structure fires are primarily ventilation controlled.
- Large-area fires are most likely to require larger hose lines and the application of rate of flow principles.
- Ventilation-controlled fires require less water than a free-burning fire.
- Underestimation may occur when fires reach a point beyond the capability of an interior attack.
- Trial-and-error methods can be useful but should not replace a more scientific approach.
- Rate of flow calculations are used to determine the size and number of hose lines needed for an interior attack.
- The Royer/Nelson formula (V/100) is valid for most fires where an interior attack is advisable.
- The progression to flashover is primarily based on the ratio of the surface area of the fuel to the size of the enclosure.
- The National Fire Academy developed the A/3 formula for use in their fire tactics courses.
- Large-volume fires require the application of a rate of flow formula.
- Sprinkler system calculations may prove useful in preincident planning.
- Rate of flow calculations are based on the area or volume of the compartment(s) on fire.
- Each individual compartment should be calculated separately.
- The IC decides when it is time to use larger, more powerful streams.
- Proper ventilation can make the fire more visible and allow effective application of water onto the burning fuel.
- Dividing large areas into smaller compartments makes it easier to fight fires.
- Fighting fires in undivided areas often requires a defensive attack.
- Some advocate calculating the entire area for flow rate formula.
- The more rational approach is to calculate each individual space as a separate fire area.
- This allows for extinguishing fires one room at a time.
- Only the flow needed for the largest area is required if individual spaces are calculated separately.
- The text refers to a plan view of an apartment building in Figure 8-3.
- Few large areas are undivided.
- It is easier to fight fires in a series of smaller compartments.
- Fires involving large, undivided areas often require a defensive attack.
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Description
Are you a firefighting expert? Test your knowledge with our quiz on rate of flow calculations, offensive versus defensive decisions, and firefighting tactics. Learn about the Royer/Nelson and National Fire Academy formulas, as well as the importance of proper ventilation and compartmentalization in firefighting. Challenge yourself and see how much you know about fighting fires in various scenarios. Keywords: firefighting, rate of flow, Royer/Nelson, National Fire Academy, ventilation, compartmentalization.
