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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of the hierarchic recruitment pattern used by the nervous system?
What is the purpose of the hierarchic recruitment pattern used by the nervous system?
- To activate every muscle possible for a given joint action
- To conserve energy by activating the fewest muscles possible for a given joint action (correct)
- To increase the range of motion for a given joint action
- To decrease the range of motion for a given joint action
Which muscles control activities that require lower level extensor torque?
Which muscles control activities that require lower level extensor torque?
- Anconeus and lateral head of the triceps
- Medial head of the triceps and biceps brachii
- Anconeus and medial head of the triceps (correct)
- Biceps brachii and brachialis
Which triceps muscle is selected for more dynamic or highly resisted extensor torque?
Which triceps muscle is selected for more dynamic or highly resisted extensor torque?
- Anconeus
- Medial head
- Lateral head
- Long head (correct)
What is the position of elbow extension that increases the moment arm for the triceps?
What is the position of elbow extension that increases the moment arm for the triceps?
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What determines peak elbow extension torque?
What determines peak elbow extension torque?
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What type of muscles are recruited for tasks with low-level force demands?
What type of muscles are recruited for tasks with low-level force demands?
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Study Notes
- The nervous system uses a hierarchic recruitment pattern to modulate levels of extensor torque.
- The law of parsimony states that the nervous system activates the fewest muscles or muscle fibers possible for a given joint action.
- The anconeus and medial head of the triceps control activities that require lower level extensor torque.
- The larger, polyarticular long head of the triceps is selected for more dynamic or highly resisted extensor torque.
- The position of elbow extension increases the moment arm for the triceps.
- Peak elbow extensor torque occurs at about 80-90 degrees of flexion.
- Muscle length may be more influential than moment arm in determining peak elbow extension torque.
- The hierarchic pattern of muscle recruitment makes practical sense from an energy perspective.
- Tasks with low-level force demands are often accomplished by one-joint muscles.
- As force demands increase, larger polyarticular muscles are recruited, along with necessary neutralizer muscles.
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