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Questions and Answers
What is the most common cause of esophagitis?
What is the most common cause of esophagitis?
- Barrett esophagus
- Reflux of gastric contents (correct)
- Chronic immune-mediated disorder
- Infectious causes
What is the most common type of esophageal tumor worldwide?
What is the most common type of esophageal tumor worldwide?
- Neuroendocrine tumor
- Adenocarcinoma
- Leiomyosarcoma
- Squamous cell carcinoma (correct)
What is the direct precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma?
What is the direct precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma?
- Infectious esophagitis
- Eosinophilic esophagitis
- Barrett esophagus (correct)
- Reflux esophagitis
What is the most common cause of infectious esophagitis?
What is the most common cause of infectious esophagitis?
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What is the presentation of candidiasis in infectious esophagitis?
What is the presentation of candidiasis in infectious esophagitis?
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What are the symptoms of eosinophilic esophagitis in adults?
What are the symptoms of eosinophilic esophagitis in adults?
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What is the trend in the incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus?
What is the trend in the incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus?
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Study Notes
Infectious Esophagitis:
- Mostly in immunocompromised individuals
- Viral, fungal, and bacterial causes
- Candidiasis presents with adherent gray-white pseudomembranes
- Herpes viruses cause punched-out ulcers
- CMV causes shallower ulcerations
Reflux Esophagitis:
- Reflux of gastric contents into lower esophagus
- Most frequent cause of esophagitis
- Symptoms include heartburn, dysphagia, and regurgitation
- Complications include esophageal ulceration, hematemesis, and strictures
Eosinophilic Esophagitis:
- Chronic immune-mediated disorder
- Symptoms include food impaction and dysphagia in adults, and feeding intolerance or GERD-like symptoms in children
- Endoscopy shows rings in upper and mid esophagus
- Most patients are atopic or have modest peripheral eosinophilia
Barrett Esophagus:
- Complication of chronic GERD
- Intestinal metaplasia in esophageal squamous mucosa
- Direct precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma
Esophageal Tumors:
- Squamous cell carcinoma is most common worldwide
- Adenocarcinoma is on the rise and has a background of Barrett esophagus and long-standing GERD
- Symptoms include difficulty swallowing, weight loss, chest pain, and vomiting
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