Test Your Knowledge on Delayed Puberty and Hypogonadism
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Questions and Answers

What is delayed puberty?

  • The early onset of puberty before the age of 8 years in girls and before the age of 9 years in boys.
  • The lack of development of primary sexual characteristics at the appropriate age.
  • The absence or delay in the onset of puberty, along with the lack of development of secondary sexual characteristics at the appropriate age. (correct)
  • The absence of the gonads.

What is hypogonadism?

  • A medical condition where the gonads produce little or no hormones. (correct)
  • A medical condition where the gonads are absent.
  • A medical condition where the gonads are enlarged.
  • A medical condition where the gonads produce an excess of hormones.

What are the consequences of hypogonadism in males?

  • Absence of testicular development. (correct)
  • Absence of ovarian development.
  • Early onset of puberty.
  • Enlarged testicles.

What are the consequences of hypogonadism in females?

<p>Lack of ovarian development. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for delayed puberty?

<p>A short course of testosterone therapy to initiate puberty, and this may be continued if required. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is testosterone therapy administered?

<p>Injections or skin patches. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is precocious puberty?

<p>The early onset of puberty before the age of 8 years in girls and before the age of 9 years in boys. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the consequences of precocious puberty in girls?

<p>Early development of secondary sexual characteristics, such as breast development and pubic hair growth, along with early menstrual periods. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the consequences of precocious puberty in boys?

<p>Early development of secondary sexual characteristics, such as testicular enlargement and pubic hair growth. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for precocious puberty?

<p>The use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists, which help to stop the release of hormones that stimulate the gonads. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are GnRH antagonists administered?

<p>Through injections or implants. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long is the treatment for precocious puberty usually continued?

<p>Until the normal age of puberty onset. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is delayed puberty?

<p>The absence or delay in the onset of puberty and lack of development of secondary sexual characteristics at the appropriate age (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some reasons that may cause delayed puberty?

<p>Malnutrition, genetic disorders, and hypogonadism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for delayed puberty?

<p>Testosterone therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is precocious puberty?

<p>The early onset of puberty before the age of 8 in girls and before the age of 9 in boys (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some reasons that may cause precocious puberty?

<p>Brain damage/tumours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some secondary sexual characteristics that may develop in precocious puberty?

<p>Both A and B (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for precocious puberty?

<p>Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age does precocious puberty occur in boys?

<p>Before the age of 9 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range for normal onset of puberty in girls?

<p>8-9 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range for normal onset of puberty in boys?

<p>9-10 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hypogonadism?

<p>A condition where the gonads produce little or no sex hormones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists in the treatment of precocious puberty?

<p>To stop the release of hormones that stimulate the gonads (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinical uses of anabolic steroids?

<p>Treatment of wasting conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the consequences of anabolic steroid abuse?

<p>Decrease in testicular size and sperm count (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT treated with anabolic steroids?

<p>Hypertension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of anabolic steroid abuse on sperm count?

<p>Decrease in sperm count (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anabolic steroid is commonly detected in athlete urine in cases of abuse?

<p>Stanozolol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of anabolic steroid abuse on libido?

<p>Decrease in libido (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of anabolic steroid abuse on aggression?

<p>Increase in aggression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of anabolic steroid abuse on LDL cholesterol?

<p>Increase in LDL cholesterol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of anabolic steroid abuse on weight?

<p>Increase in weight (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of anabolic steroid abuse on acne?

<p>Increase in acne (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of anabolic steroid abuse on hepatotoxicity?

<p>Increase in hepatotoxicity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of anabolic steroid abuse on HDL cholesterol?

<p>Decrease in HDL cholesterol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the excess conversion of androgens to estrogen by aromatase?

<p>Gynaecomastia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone levels are reduced due to negative feedback caused by androgens?

<p>LH and FSH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the retention of calcium, sodium, and water caused by steroids?

<p>Oedema (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential effect of androgens on glucose levels?

<p>Decreased glucose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of anabolic steroids on the liver?

<p>Cholestatic jaundice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential effect of androgens on children?

<p>Premature epiphyseal closure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the development of male physical characteristics in females due to excess androgens?

<p>Virilisation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential effect of androgens on mental health?

<p>All of the above (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of androgens on renal function?

<p>Acute renal failure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of androgens on hair growth?

<p>Male pattern baldness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the yellowing of the skin and eyes caused by liver dysfunction?

<p>Cholestatic jaundice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of androgens on male reproductive function?

<p>Reduced spermatogenesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of treating prostate cancer?

<p>Blocking the action of androgens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug works by reducing the conversion of testosterone to DHT?

<p>Finasteride (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of anti-androgens in treating prostate cancer?

<p>Competing with testosterone and DHT (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is useful in the treatment of both benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer?

<p>Abiraterone acetate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of abiraterone acetate in treating prostate cancer?

<p>Blocking androgens at receptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor used in the treatment of BPH?

<p>Finasteride (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors in treating prostate cancer?

<p>Reducing the conversion of testosterone to DHT (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is an anti-androgen used in the treatment of prostate cancer?

<p>Flutamide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug works by blocking androgens at receptors in the treatment of prostate cancer?

<p>Abiraterone acetate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor used in the prevention of prostate cancer?

<p>Finasteride (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of anti-androgens in treating prostate cancer?

<p>Competing with testosterone and DHT (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is an anti-androgen used in the treatment of prostate cancer?

<p>Bicalutamide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do GnRH analogues do?

<p>Bind to and stimulate GnRH receptors in the pituitary gland (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of prolonged use of GnRH analogues?

<p>Desensitization of the GnRH receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Leydig cells?

<p>Testosterone production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the GnRH analogue mentioned in the text?

<p>Goserelin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of GnRH antagonists?

<p>Block GnRH receptors in the pituitary gland (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the regression of Leydig cells?

<p>Reduction in the production of testosterone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the GnRH antagonist mentioned in the text?

<p>Abarelix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between GnRH analogues and GnRH antagonists?

<p>Analogues stimulate GnRH receptors, antagonists block them (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of GnRH analogues and antagonists?

<p>Slowing the growth of prostate cancer cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial result of GnRH analogue stimulation?

<p>Increase in LH and FSH levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of GnRH antagonists?

<p>Reduction of testosterone levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of reducing testosterone production with GnRH analogues and antagonists?

<p>Slowing the growth of prostate cancer cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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