Test Your Knowledge on Delayed Puberty and Hypogonadism
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Questions and Answers

What is delayed puberty?

  • The early onset of puberty before the age of 8 years in girls and before the age of 9 years in boys.
  • The lack of development of primary sexual characteristics at the appropriate age.
  • The absence or delay in the onset of puberty, along with the lack of development of secondary sexual characteristics at the appropriate age. (correct)
  • The absence of the gonads.

    • What is hypogonadism?

  • A medical condition where the gonads produce little or no hormones. (correct)
  • A medical condition where the gonads are absent.
  • A medical condition where the gonads are enlarged.
  • A medical condition where the gonads produce an excess of hormones.

    • What are the consequences of hypogonadism in males?

  • Absence of testicular development. (correct)
  • Absence of ovarian development.
  • Early onset of puberty.
  • Enlarged testicles.

    • What are the consequences of hypogonadism in females?

    <p>Lack of ovarian development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for delayed puberty?

    <p>A short course of testosterone therapy to initiate puberty, and this may be continued if required.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is testosterone therapy administered?

    <p>Injections or skin patches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is precocious puberty?

    <p>The early onset of puberty before the age of 8 years in girls and before the age of 9 years in boys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the consequences of precocious puberty in girls?

    <p>Early development of secondary sexual characteristics, such as breast development and pubic hair growth, along with early menstrual periods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the consequences of precocious puberty in boys?

    <p>Early development of secondary sexual characteristics, such as testicular enlargement and pubic hair growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for precocious puberty?

    <p>The use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists, which help to stop the release of hormones that stimulate the gonads.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are GnRH antagonists administered?

    <p>Through injections or implants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long is the treatment for precocious puberty usually continued?

    <p>Until the normal age of puberty onset.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is delayed puberty?

    <p>The absence or delay in the onset of puberty and lack of development of secondary sexual characteristics at the appropriate age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some reasons that may cause delayed puberty?

    <p>Malnutrition, genetic disorders, and hypogonadism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for delayed puberty?

    <p>Testosterone therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is precocious puberty?

    <p>The early onset of puberty before the age of 8 in girls and before the age of 9 in boys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some reasons that may cause precocious puberty?

    <p>Brain damage/tumours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some secondary sexual characteristics that may develop in precocious puberty?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for precocious puberty?

    <p>Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does precocious puberty occur in boys?

    <p>Before the age of 9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age range for normal onset of puberty in girls?

    <p>8-9 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age range for normal onset of puberty in boys?

    <p>9-10 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hypogonadism?

    <p>A condition where the gonads produce little or no sex hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists in the treatment of precocious puberty?

    <p>To stop the release of hormones that stimulate the gonads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the clinical uses of anabolic steroids?

    <p>Treatment of wasting conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the consequences of anabolic steroid abuse?

    <p>Decrease in testicular size and sperm count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT treated with anabolic steroids?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of anabolic steroid abuse on sperm count?

    <p>Decrease in sperm count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anabolic steroid is commonly detected in athlete urine in cases of abuse?

    <p>Stanozolol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of anabolic steroid abuse on libido?

    <p>Decrease in libido</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of anabolic steroid abuse on aggression?

    <p>Increase in aggression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of anabolic steroid abuse on LDL cholesterol?

    <p>Increase in LDL cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of anabolic steroid abuse on weight?

    <p>Increase in weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of anabolic steroid abuse on acne?

    <p>Increase in acne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of anabolic steroid abuse on hepatotoxicity?

    <p>Increase in hepatotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of anabolic steroid abuse on HDL cholesterol?

    <p>Decrease in HDL cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the excess conversion of androgens to estrogen by aromatase?

    <p>Gynaecomastia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone levels are reduced due to negative feedback caused by androgens?

    <p>LH and FSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the retention of calcium, sodium, and water caused by steroids?

    <p>Oedema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential effect of androgens on glucose levels?

    <p>Decreased glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of anabolic steroids on the liver?

    <p>Cholestatic jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential effect of androgens on children?

    <p>Premature epiphyseal closure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the development of male physical characteristics in females due to excess androgens?

    <p>Virilisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential effect of androgens on mental health?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of androgens on renal function?

    <p>Acute renal failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of androgens on hair growth?

    <p>Male pattern baldness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the yellowing of the skin and eyes caused by liver dysfunction?

    <p>Cholestatic jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of androgens on male reproductive function?

    <p>Reduced spermatogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of treating prostate cancer?

    <p>Blocking the action of androgens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug works by reducing the conversion of testosterone to DHT?

    <p>Finasteride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of anti-androgens in treating prostate cancer?

    <p>Competing with testosterone and DHT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is useful in the treatment of both benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer?

    <p>Abiraterone acetate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of abiraterone acetate in treating prostate cancer?

    <p>Blocking androgens at receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor used in the treatment of BPH?

    <p>Finasteride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors in treating prostate cancer?

    <p>Reducing the conversion of testosterone to DHT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is an anti-androgen used in the treatment of prostate cancer?

    <p>Flutamide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug works by blocking androgens at receptors in the treatment of prostate cancer?

    <p>Abiraterone acetate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor used in the prevention of prostate cancer?

    <p>Finasteride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of anti-androgens in treating prostate cancer?

    <p>Competing with testosterone and DHT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is an anti-androgen used in the treatment of prostate cancer?

    <p>Bicalutamide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do GnRH analogues do?

    <p>Bind to and stimulate GnRH receptors in the pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of prolonged use of GnRH analogues?

    <p>Desensitization of the GnRH receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Leydig cells?

    <p>Testosterone production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the GnRH analogue mentioned in the text?

    <p>Goserelin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of GnRH antagonists?

    <p>Block GnRH receptors in the pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the regression of Leydig cells?

    <p>Reduction in the production of testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the GnRH antagonist mentioned in the text?

    <p>Abarelix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between GnRH analogues and GnRH antagonists?

    <p>Analogues stimulate GnRH receptors, antagonists block them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of GnRH analogues and antagonists?

    <p>Slowing the growth of prostate cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial result of GnRH analogue stimulation?

    <p>Increase in LH and FSH levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of GnRH antagonists?

    <p>Reduction of testosterone levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of reducing testosterone production with GnRH analogues and antagonists?

    <p>Slowing the growth of prostate cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

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