Test Your Knowledge of Phagocytes and Immune Defense Mechanisms 17.4
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Test Your Knowledge of Phagocytes and Immune Defense Mechanisms 17.4

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Questions and Answers

Which type of cells are responsible for seeking, ingesting, and killing pathogens through phagocytosis?

  • Phagocytes (correct)
  • Plasma cells
  • B lymphocytes
  • T lymphocytes

    • What is the process by which leukocytes pass through the walls of small capillary blood vessels within tissues to reach pathogens located in infected tissue called?

  • Exocytosis
  • Phagocytosis
  • Endocytosis
  • Extravasation (correct)

    • Which type of leukocytes are the first to arrive within hours of a bacterial infection?

  • B lymphocytes
  • Neutrophils (correct)
  • Macrophages
  • T lymphocytes

    • What are the molecular structures that are common to many groups of pathogenic microbes called?

    <p>PAMPs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when the pathogen is engulfed in a vesicle and brought into the internal compartment of the phagocyte?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which phagocytes transition from a dormant state of readiness and slow proliferation to a state of hyperactivity, proliferation, production/secretion of cytokines, and enhanced intracellular killing?

    <p>Activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which leukocytes stick slightly to the adhesion molecules, slowing down and rolling along the blood vessel walls near the infected area, before binding to even more of these adhesion molecules and squeezing through the cellular junction?

    <p>Extravasation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which the phagosome containing the pathogen fuses with one or more lysosomes, forming a phagolysosome, which enhances the acidification, essential for activation of pH-dependent digestive lysosomal enzymes and production of hydrogen peroxide and toxic reactive oxygen species?

    <p>Lysosomal fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzymes digest the pathogen in the phagolysosome?

    <p>Lysosomal enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are macrophages and dendritic cells also involved in, in addition to being antigen-presenting cells involved in the specific adaptive immune response?

    <p>Extravasation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the molecular structures on phagocytes that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) called?

    <p>PRRs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the process by which leukocytes pass through the walls of small capillary blood vessels within tissues to reach pathogens located in infected tissue?

    <p>Extravasation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukocytes may take several days to leave the bloodstream and differentiate into macrophages?

    <p>Monocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the molecular structures that are common to many groups of pathogenic microbes called?

    <p>Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which phagocytes transition from a dormant state of readiness and slow proliferation to a state of hyperactivity, proliferation, production/secretion of cytokines, and enhanced intracellular killing?

    <p>Activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which leukocytes stick slightly to the adhesion molecules, slowing down and rolling along the blood vessel walls near the infected area, before binding to even more of these adhesion molecules and squeezing through the cellular junction?

    <p>Transendothelial migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which the pathogen is engulfed in a vesicle and brought into the internal compartment of the phagocyte?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which the phagosome containing the pathogen fuses with one or more lysosomes, forming a phagolysosome, which enhances the acidification, essential for activation of pH-dependent digestive lysosomal enzymes and production of hydrogen peroxide and toxic reactive oxygen species?

    <p>Lysosomal fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzymes digest the pathogen in the phagolysosome?

    <p>Lysozyme, Phospholipase, and Proteases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are macrophages and dendritic cells also involved in, in addition to being antigen-presenting cells involved in the specific adaptive immune response?

    <p>Processing the remains of the degraded pathogen and presenting key antigens on their cellular surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which leukocytes are able to degrade microbes externally by releasing microbicidal defensin proteins into the area around the cell?

    <p>Exocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the molecular structures on macrophages that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) called?

    <p>Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukocytes are the first to arrive within hours of a bacterial infection?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of phagocytes?

    <p>Producing antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which leukocytes pass through the walls of small capillary blood vessels within tissues to reach pathogens located in infected tissue called?

    <p>Extravasation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leukocytes are the first to arrive within hours of a bacterial infection?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the molecular structures that are common to many groups of pathogenic microbes called?

    <p>Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when the pathogen is engulfed in a vesicle and brought into the internal compartment of the phagocyte?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which phagocytes transition from a dormant state of readiness and slow proliferation to a state of hyperactivity, proliferation, production/secretion of cytokines, and enhanced intracellular killing?

    <p>Activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which leukocytes stick slightly to the adhesion molecules, slowing down and rolling along the blood vessel walls near the infected area, before binding to even more of these adhesion molecules and squeezing through the cellular junction?

    <p>Extravasation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which the phagosome containing the pathogen fuses with one or more lysosomes, forming a phagolysosome, which enhances the acidification, essential for activation of pH-dependent digestive lysosomal enzymes and production of hydrogen peroxide and toxic reactive oxygen species?

    <p>Phagolysosome formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzymes digest the pathogen in the phagolysosome?

    <p>Lysozyme, phospholipase, and proteases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are macrophages and dendritic cells also involved in, in addition to being antigen-presenting cells involved in the specific adaptive immune response?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the storehouse of microbicidal defensin proteins that some phagocytes contain and can be released into the area around the cell to degrade microbes externally?

    <p>Defensosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the intracellular signal that activates the phagocyte, causing it to transition from a dormant state of readiness and slow proliferation to a state of hyperactivity, proliferation, production/secretion of cytokines, and enhanced intracellular killing?

    <p>Activation signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key function of phagocytes?

    <p>Seeking, ingesting, and killing pathogens through phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called by which leukocytes pass through the walls of small capillary blood vessels within tissues to reach pathogens located in infected tissue?

    <p>Extravasation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukocytes are the last to arrive and differentiate into macrophages?

    <p>Monocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the molecular structures that are common to many groups of pathogenic microbes called?

    <p>Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which the pathogen is engulfed in a vesicle and brought into the internal compartment of the phagocyte?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which phagocytes transition from a dormant state of readiness to a state of hyperactivity, proliferation, and enhanced intracellular killing?

    <p>Activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which leukocytes stick slightly to the adhesion molecules and roll along the blood vessel walls near the infected area?

    <p>Diapedesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which the phagosome containing the pathogen fuses with one or more lysosomes, forming a phagolysosome, which enhances the acidification, essential for activation of pH-dependent digestive lysosomal enzymes and production of hydrogen peroxide and toxic reactive oxygen species?

    <p>Phagolysosome formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzymes digest the pathogen in the phagolysosome?

    <p>Lysozyme, phospholipase, and proteases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the additional function of macrophages and dendritic cells besides being antigen-presenting cells involved in the specific adaptive immune response?

    <p>Further processing the remains of the degraded pathogen and presenting key antigens on their cellular surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the storehouse of microbicidal defensin proteins that some phagocytes contain?

    <p>Granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that phagocytes use to recognize molecular structures that are common to many groups of pathogenic microbes?

    <p>Toll-like receptors (TLRs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key function of phagocytes?

    <p>Seeking, ingesting, and killing pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which leukocytes pass through the walls of small capillary blood vessels within tissues to reach pathogens located in infected tissue called?

    <p>Extravasation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukocytes are the last to arrive and differentiate into macrophages?

    <p>Monocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the molecular structures that are common to many groups of pathogenic microbes called?

    <p>Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which phagocytes transition from a dormant state of readiness to a state of hyperactivity, proliferation, and enhanced intracellular killing?

    <p>Activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which leukocytes stick slightly to the adhesion molecules, slowing down and rolling along the blood vessel walls near the infected area, before binding to even more of these adhesion molecules and squeezing through the cellular junction?

    <p>Extravasation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which the pathogen is engulfed in a vesicle and brought into the internal compartment of the phagocyte?

    <p>Endocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which lysosomal enzymes digest the pathogen in the phagolysosome?

    <p>Lysosomal degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are reactive oxygen and nitrogen compounds produced to degrade microbes in the phagolysosome?

    <p>Hydrogen peroxide and toxic reactive oxygen species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do some phagocytes contain an internal storehouse of that can be released into the area around the cell to degrade microbes externally?

    <p>Defensin proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which macrophages and dendritic cells present key antigens on their cellular surface to stimulate some adaptive immune responses?

    <p>Antigen presentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which the phagosome containing the pathogen fuses with one or more lysosomes, forming a phagolysosome, which enhances the acidification, essential for activation of pH-dependent digestive lysosomal enzymes and production of hydrogen peroxide and toxic reactive oxygen species?

    <p>Phagolysosomal fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of phagocytes?

    <p>Producing antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which leukocytes pass through the walls of small capillary blood vessels within tissues to reach pathogens located in infected tissue called?

    <p>Extravasation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukocytes takes several days to leave the bloodstream and differentiate into macrophages?

    <p>Monocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the molecular structures that are common to many groups of pathogenic microbes called?

    <p>Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which the pathogen is engulfed in a vesicle and brought into the internal compartment of the phagocyte?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which phagocytes transition from a dormant state of readiness and slow proliferation to a state of hyperactivity, proliferation, production/secretion of cytokines, and enhanced intracellular killing?

    <p>Activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which leukocytes stick slightly to the adhesion molecules, slowing down and rolling along the blood vessel walls near the infected area, before binding to even more of these adhesion molecules and squeezing through the cellular junction?

    <p>Transendothelial migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which the phagosome containing the pathogen fuses with one or more lysosomes, forming a phagolysosome, which enhances the acidification, essential for activation of pH-dependent digestive lysosomal enzymes and production of hydrogen peroxide and toxic reactive oxygen species?

    <p>Phagolysosome formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzymes digest the pathogen in the phagolysosome?

    <p>Lysozyme, phospholipase, and proteases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are macrophages and dendritic cells also involved in, in addition to being antigen-presenting cells involved in the specific adaptive immune response?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mechanism used by phagocytes to kill pathogens?

    <p>Production of antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which phagocytes provide an intracellular signal that activates the phagocyte, causing it to transition from a dormant state of readiness and slow proliferation to a state of hyperactivity, proliferation, production/secretion of cytokines, and enhanced intracellular killing?

    <p>Activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of phagocytes?

    <p>Producing antibodies against pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which leukocytes pass through the walls of small capillary blood vessels within tissues to reach pathogens located in infected tissue called?

    <p>Extravasation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which leukocytes stick slightly to the adhesion molecules, slowing down and rolling along the blood vessel walls near the infected area, before binding to even more of these adhesion molecules and squeezing through the cellular junction?

    <p>Extravasation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukocytes are the last to arrive and differentiate into macrophages?

    <p>Monocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the molecular structures that are common to many groups of pathogenic microbes called?

    <p>Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which phagocytes transition from a dormant state of readiness and slow proliferation to a state of hyperactivity, proliferation, production/secretion of cytokines, and enhanced intracellular killing?

    <p>Activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process called when the pathogen is engulfed in a vesicle and brought into the internal compartment of the phagocyte?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which the phagosome containing the pathogen fuses with one or more lysosomes, forming a phagolysosome, which enhances the acidification, essential for activation of pH-dependent digestive lysosomal enzymes and production of hydrogen peroxide and toxic reactive oxygen species?

    <p>Phagolysosome formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mechanism used by phagocytes to kill pathogens?

    <p>Production of antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are macrophages and dendritic cells also involved in, in addition to being antigen-presenting cells involved in the specific adaptive immune response?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of leukocyte involved in phagocytosis?

    <p>Lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which leukocytes transition from a dormant state of readiness and slow proliferation to a state of hyperactivity, proliferation, production/secretion of cytokines, and enhanced intracellular killing?

    <p>Activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the process by which leukocytes pass through the walls of small capillary blood vessels within tissues to reach pathogens located in infected tissue called?

    <p>Transendothelial migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cells are the first to arrive within hours of a bacterial infection?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the molecular structures that are common to many groups of pathogenic microbes called?

    <p>Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which the phagosome containing the pathogen fuses with one or more lysosomes, forming a phagolysosome, which enhances the acidification, essential for activation of pH-dependent digestive lysosomal enzymes and production of hydrogen peroxide and toxic reactive oxygen species?

    <p>Phagolysosome formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which phagocytes transition from a dormant state of readiness and slow proliferation to a state of hyperactivity, proliferation, production/secretion of cytokines, and enhanced intracellular killing?

    <p>Activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the lysosomal enzymes that digest the pathogen in the phagolysosome?

    <p>Lysozyme, phospholipase, and proteases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which leukocytes stick slightly to the adhesion molecules, slowing down and rolling along the blood vessel walls near the infected area, before binding to even more of these adhesion molecules and squeezing through the cellular junction?

    <p>Extravasation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which phagocytes provide an intracellular signal that activates the phagocyte, causing it to transition from a dormant state of readiness and slow proliferation to a state of hyperactivity, proliferation, production/secretion of cytokines, and enhanced intracellular killing?

    <p>Activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which the pathogen is engulfed in a vesicle and brought into the internal compartment of the phagocyte?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which leukocytes pass through the walls of small capillary blood vessels within tissues to reach pathogens located in infected tissue?

    <p>Transendothelial migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are macrophages and dendritic cells also involved in, in addition to being antigen-presenting cells involved in the specific adaptive immune response?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which some phagocytes even contain an internal storehouse of microbicidal defensin proteins, which can be released into the area around the cell to degrade microbes externally?

    <p>Defensin release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which leukocytes pass through the walls of small capillary blood vessels within tissues to reach pathogens located in infected tissue called?

    <p>Extravasation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which the phagosome containing the pathogen fuses with one or more lysosomes, forming a phagolysosome, which enhances the acidification, essential for activation of pH-dependent digestive lysosomal enzymes and production of hydrogen peroxide and toxic reactive oxygen species?

    <p>Phagolysosome formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the molecular structures on phagocytes that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) called?

    <p>PRRs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which phagocytes transition from a dormant state of readiness and slow proliferation to a state of hyperactivity, proliferation, production/secretion of cytokines, and enhanced intracellular killing?

    <p>Activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are responsible for seeking, ingesting, and killing pathogens through phagocytosis?

    <p>Phagocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which leukocytes stick slightly to the adhesion molecules, slowing down and rolling along the blood vessel walls near the infected area, before binding to even more of these adhesion molecules and squeezing through the cellular junction?

    <p>Extravasation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukocytes are the first to arrive within hours of a bacterial infection?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the molecular structures that are common to many groups of pathogenic microbes called?

    <p>PAMPs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukocytes may take several days to leave the bloodstream and differentiate into macrophages?

    <p>Monocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which the pathogen is engulfed in a vesicle and brought into the internal compartment of the phagocyte?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are also antigen-presenting cells involved in the specific adaptive immune response, further processing the remains of the degraded pathogen and presenting key antigens on their cellular surface, an important step for stimulation of some adaptive immune responses?

    <p>Macrophages and dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which phagocytes provide an intracellular signal that activates the phagocyte, causing it to transition from a dormant state of readiness and slow proliferation to a state of hyperactivity, proliferation, production/secretion of cytokines, and enhanced intracellular killing?

    <p>Activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which leukocytes are able to reach pathogens located in infected tissue called?

    <p>Extravasation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of phagocytes?

    <p>Adapting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the molecular structures that phagocytes recognize that are common to many groups of pathogenic microbes called?

    <p>Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which phagocytes transition from a dormant state of readiness to a state of hyperactivity, proliferation, and enhanced intracellular killing?

    <p>Activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which leukocytes stick slightly to the adhesion molecules, slowing down and rolling along the blood vessel walls near the infected area, before binding to even more of these adhesion molecules and squeezing through the cellular junction?

    <p>Transendothelial migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which the phagosome containing the pathogen fuses with one or more lysosomes, forming a phagolysosome, which enhances the acidification, essential for activation of pH-dependent digestive lysosomal enzymes and production of hydrogen peroxide and toxic reactive oxygen species?

    <p>Lysosomal fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of pathogen destruction by phagocytes?

    <p>Release of antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukocytes may take several days to leave the bloodstream and differentiate into macrophages?

    <p>Monocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which phagocytes release microbicidal defensin proteins into the area around the cell to degrade microbes externally?

    <p>Exocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of macrophages and dendritic cells in addition to being antigen-presenting cells involved in the specific adaptive immune response?

    <p>Cytokine production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which leukocytes pass through the walls of small capillary blood vessels within tissues to reach pathogens located in infected tissue?

    <p>Extravasation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the first type of leukocyte to arrive, often within hours of a bacterial infection?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which leukocytes pass through the walls of small capillary blood vessels within tissues to reach pathogens located in infected tissue called?

    <p>Extravasation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukocytes are the first to arrive within hours of a bacterial infection?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on macrophages do?

    <p>Provide an intracellular signal that activates the phagocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which phagocytes recognize molecular structures that are common to many groups of pathogenic microbes, called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)?

    <p>Pattern recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which the pathogen is engulfed in a vesicle and brought into the internal compartment of the phagocyte?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which leukocytes stick slightly to the adhesion molecules, slowing down and rolling along the blood vessel walls near the infected area, before binding to even more of these adhesion molecules and squeezing through the cellular junction?

    <p>Margination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which the phagosome containing the pathogen fuses with one or more lysosomes, forming a phagolysosome, which enhances the acidification, essential for activation of pH-dependent digestive lysosomal enzymes and production of hydrogen peroxide and toxic reactive oxygen species?

    <p>Phagosome-lysosome fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzymes digest the pathogen in the phagolysosome?

    <p>Lysozyme, phospholipase, and proteases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are macrophages and dendritic cells also involved in, in addition to being antigen-presenting cells involved in the specific adaptive immune response?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which phagocytes transition from a dormant state of readiness and slow proliferation to a state of hyperactivity, proliferation, production/secretion of cytokines, and enhanced intracellular killing?

    <p>Activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which some phagocytes contain an internal storehouse of microbicidal defensin proteins, which can be released into the area around the cell to degrade microbes externally?

    <p>Exocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which leukocytes pass through the walls of small capillary blood vessels within tissues to reach pathogens located in infected tissue?

    <p>Extravasation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which leukocytes pass through the walls of small capillary blood vessels within tissues to reach pathogens located in infected tissue called?

    <p>Extravasation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which phagocytes transition from a dormant state of readiness and slow proliferation to a state of hyperactivity, proliferation, production/secretion of cytokines, and enhanced intracellular killing?

    <p>Activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of leukocytes are the first to arrive, often within hours of a bacterial infection?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the molecular structures that are common to many groups of pathogenic microbes called?

    <p>Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which leukocytes stick slightly to the adhesion molecules, slowing down and rolling along the blood vessel walls near the infected area, before binding to even more of these adhesion molecules and squeezing through the cellular junction?

    <p>Transendothelial migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which the phagosome containing the pathogen fuses with one or more lysosomes, forming a phagolysosome, which enhances the acidification, essential for activation of pH-dependent digestive lysosomal enzymes and production of hydrogen peroxide and toxic reactive oxygen species?

    <p>Lysosomal fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are involved in the specific adaptive immune response, further processing the remains of the degraded pathogen and presenting key antigens on their cellular surface, an important step for stimulation of some adaptive immune responses?

    <p>Macrophages and dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which leukocytes may take several days to leave the bloodstream and differentiate into macrophages?

    <p>Monocyte differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which phagocytes provide an intracellular signal that activates the phagocyte, causing it to transition from a dormant state of readiness and slow proliferation to a state of hyperactivity, proliferation, production/secretion of cytokines, and enhanced intracellular killing?

    <p>Activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when the pathogen is engulfed in a vesicle and brought into the internal compartment of the phagocyte?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the molecular structures on phagocytes that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) called?

    <p>Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzymes digest the pathogen in the phagolysosome?

    <p>Lysozyme, phospholipase, and proteases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which leukocytes pass through the walls of small capillary blood vessels within tissues to reach pathogens located in infected tissue called?

    <p>Extravasation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which the phagosome containing the pathogen fuses with one or more lysosomes, forming a phagolysosome, which enhances the acidification, essential for activation of pH-dependent digestive lysosomal enzymes and production of hydrogen peroxide and toxic reactive oxygen species?

    <p>Lysosomal fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which phagocytes transition from a dormant state of readiness and slow proliferation to a state of hyperactivity, proliferation, production/secretion of cytokines, and enhanced intracellular killing?

    <p>Activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of phagocyte?

    <p>Lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the molecular structures on phagocytes that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) called?

    <p>PRRs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of leukocytes are the first to arrive within hours of a bacterial infection?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which leukocytes stick slightly to the adhesion molecules, slowing down and rolling along the blood vessel walls near the infected area, before binding to even more of these adhesion molecules and squeezing through the cellular junction?

    <p>Extravasation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which phagocytes provide an intracellular signal that activates the phagocyte, causing it to transition from a dormant state of readiness and slow proliferation to a state of hyperactivity, proliferation, production/secretion of cytokines, and enhanced intracellular killing?

    <p>Activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which the phagosome containing the pathogen fuses with one or more lysosomes, forming a phagolysosome, which enhances the acidification, essential for activation of pH-dependent digestive lysosomal enzymes and production of hydrogen peroxide and toxic reactive oxygen species?

    <p>Lysosomal fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an important early antibacterial mechanism during phagocytosis?

    <p>Acidification of the phagosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are macrophages and dendritic cells also involved in, in addition to being antigen-presenting cells involved in the specific adaptive immune response?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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