Form, Depth, Colour, Motion Perception

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Questions and Answers

What is the Helmholtz outflow theory?

  • A theory that explains how we perceive color by distinguishing between the three different types of receptors that respond best to different wavelengths of light.
  • A theory that explains how we perceive form and organization by representing edges, contours, and other areas of contrast change
  • A theory that explains how we perceive movement by distinguishing between muscle movement and retinal movement. (correct)
  • A theory that explains how we perceive depth by relying on various cues, including oculomotor, pictorial, movement-produced, and binocular disparity.

What is the Helmholtz outflow theory?

  • A theory that explains how we perceive form and organization by representing edges, contours, and other areas of contrast change
  • A theory that explains how we perceive color by distinguishing between the three different types of receptors that respond best to different wavelengths of light.
  • A theory that explains how we perceive movement by distinguishing between muscle movement and retinal movement. (correct)
  • A theory that explains how we perceive depth by relying on various cues, including oculomotor, pictorial, movement-produced, and binocular disparity.

What is the Helmholtz outflow theory?

  • It explains how we perceive movement by distinguishing between muscle movement and retinal movement. (correct)
  • It explains how we perceive depth by relying on various cues, including oculomotor, pictorial, movement-produced, and binocular disparity.
  • It explains how we perceive color by distinguishing between different types of receptors.
  • It explains how we perceive form and organization by recognizing edges, contours, and areas of contrast change

What is the Helmholtz outflow theory?

<p>It explains how we perceive movement by distinguishing between muscle movement and retinal movement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Helmholtz outflow theory?

<p>A theory that explains how we perceive movement by distinguishing between muscle movement and retinal movement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Helmholtz outflow theory?

<p>It explains how we perceive movement by distinguishing between muscle movement and retinal movement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Helmholtz outflow theory?

<p>A theory that explains how we perceive movement by distinguishing between muscle movement and retinal movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the trichromatic theory?

<p>A theory that explains how we perceive color by distinguishing between three different types of receptors that respond best to different wavelengths of light. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the trichromatic theory?

<p>It hypothesizes that there are three different types of receptors that respond best to different wavelengths of light. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the trichromatic theory?

<p>A theory that explains how we perceive color by distinguishing between trichromatic and opponent processes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the trichromatic theory?

<p>A theory that explains how we perceive color by distinguishing between the three different types of receptors that respond best to different wavelengths of light. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the trichromatic theory?

<p>A theory that explains how we perceive color by distinguishing between the three different types of receptors that respond best to different wavelengths of light. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the trichromatic theory?

<p>It hypothesizes that there are three different types of receptors that respond best to different wavelengths of light. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the trichromatic theory?

<p>It hypothesizes that there are three different types of receptors that respond best to different wavelengths of light. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is anomalous trichromatism?

<p>It is a deficiency in L or M cone pigment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the opponent process theory?

<p>A theory that explains how we perceive color by distinguishing between trichromatic and opponent processes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the opponent process theory?

<p>A theory that explains how we perceive color by distinguishing between three different types of receptors that respond best to different wavelengths of light. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is stereo-blindness?

<p>A condition where one cannot see the world in 3D due to a lack of binocular disparity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is stereo-blindness?

<p>It is the inability to perceive depth due to a lack of binocular disparity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the opponent process theory?

<p>It hypothesizes three processes that are opponent in nature: red-green, yellow-blue, and black-white (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the opponent process theory?

<p>A theory that explains how we perceive color by distinguishing between the three different types of receptors that respond best to different wavelengths of light. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between protanopes and deuteranopes?

<p>Protanopes see only 2 colors, and deuteranopes see only 4 colors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between color blindness and color deficiency?

<p>Color blindness is a complete inability to see color, while color deficiency is a partial inability to see color. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the Gestalt laws of perceptual organization?

<p>Similarity, good continuation, proximity, connectedness, closure, common fate, familiarity, invariance, and Prägnanz. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is anomalous trichromatism?

<p>A deficiency in L or M cone pigment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between protanopes and deuteranopes?

<p>Protanopes see only 2 colors, and deuteranopes see only 4 colors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between color blindness and color deficiency?

<p>Color blindness should be termed 'color deficiency'. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hyperstereo?

<p>It can increase depth perception from disparity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the threshold for detecting movement dependent on?

<p>The object and its surroundings. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between anopias and anomalies?

<p>Anopias is a deficiency in L or M cone pigment, and anomalies are a misalignment of L or M in trichromats. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Gestalt laws of perceptual organization?

<p>To explain how we perceive form and organization. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is anopias?

<p>Missing a type of cone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is anopias?

<p>It is missing a type of cone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Marr's approach to perception?

<p>The representation of edges, contours, and other areas of contrast change (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is stereo-blindness?

<p>The inability to perceive depth using binocular disparity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the opponent process theory?

<p>A theory that explains how we perceive color by hypothesizing three processes that are opponent in nature: red-green, yellow-blue, and black-white (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is protanopes?

<p>They see only 2 colors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the Gestalt laws of perceptual organization?

<p>Similarity, good continuation, proximity, connectedness, closure, common fate, familiarity, invariance, and Prägnanz. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hyperstereo?

<p>It is the process of increasing depth perception from disparity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Gestalt law of proximity?

<p>Objects that are close together tend to be grouped together. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is figure-ground segregation?

<p>The process of separating objects that seem prominent from those that recede into the background (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hyperstereo?

<p>A condition that can increase depth perception from disparity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is figure-ground segregation?

<p>The process of separating objects that seem prominent from those that recede into the background (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between protanopes and deuteranopes?

<p>Protanopes see only 2 colors, and deuteranopes see only 4 colors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hyperstereo?

<p>A condition where one can increase depth perception from disparity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the different types of movement perception?

<p>Real, apparent, induced, autokinetic, and movement after-effects. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the threshold for detecting movement dependent on?

<p>The object and its surroundings. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hyperstereo?

<p>It is an increase in the perception of depth from disparity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a stereogram?

<p>A 3D image created by presenting the same image to both eyes but shifting one slightly to the left or right. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is stereoblindness?

<p>The inability to perceive depth. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hyperstereo?

<p>The process of generating a percept of depth using disparity information. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Marr's approach to perception?

<p>An approach concerned with the representation of edges, contours, and other areas of contrast change (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Marr's approach to perception?

<p>It is concerned with the representation of edges, contours, and other areas of contrast change (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between anopias and anomalies in trichromats?

<p>Anopias is missing a type of cone, and anomalies are a misalignment of L or M in trichromats. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the opponent process theory?

<p>It hypothesizes three processes that are opponent in nature: red-green, yellow-blue, and black-white (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is stereo-blindness?

<p>It is the inability to perceive depth from binocular disparity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Gestalt law of proximity?

<p>It is the rule that objects that are close together are perceived as a group. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Gestalt psychology?

<p>An approach concerned with rules of perceptual organization, including the whole being greater than the sum of its parts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of pictorial cues?

<p>To explain how we perceive depth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the Gestalt laws of perceptual organization?

<p>Similarity, good continuation, proximity, connectedness, closure, common fate, familiarity, invariance, and Prägnanz. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

  1. Movement perception is crucial for survival.
  2. Movement attracts attention and provides information about an object's 3D shape.
  3. Motion detection is direct, and movement perception is not solely dependent on form recognition.
  4. There are different types of movement perception, including real, apparent, induced, autokinetic, and movement after-effects.
  5. The threshold for detecting movement depends on the object and its surroundings.
  6. Perception of velocity is affected by the size of the moving object and the framework through which it moves.
  7. The Helmholtz outflow theory explains how we perceive movement by distinguishing between muscle movement and retinal movement.
  8. Apparent movement can be induced by flashing lights.
  9. Surrounding objects can induce movement perception.
  10. Movement after-effects occur when an observer views a pattern moving in one direction and then views a stationary spot, which appears to move in the opposite direction.
  11. Motion after-effect arises from an imbalance in the ratio of activities from two sets of directionally-tuned receptors.
  12. Movement provides information about 3D shape, helps segregate figure from ground, and interact with the environment.
  13. Colour is good for scene segmentation, camouflage, and perceptual organization.
  14. Trichromatic theory hypothesizes that there are three different types of receptors that respond best to different wavelengths of light.
  15. Opponent process theory hypothesizes three processes that are opponent in nature: red-green, yellow-blue, and black-white.
  16. Both theories are correct as trichromacy is at the level of cones, and opponent processes are at the level of LGN and cortical cells.
  17. Colour blindness should be termed 'colour deficiency'.
  18. Anopias is missing a type of cone, and anomalies are a misalignment of L or M in trichromats.
  19. Protanopes see only 2 colours, and deuteranopes see only 4 colours.
  20. Anomalous trichromatism is a deficiency in L or M cone pigment.
  21. Color blindness supports both color vision theories.
  22. Some humans and animals have more pigment cone types and can detect variations in hue.
  23. Perception of depth relies on various cues, including oculomotor, pictorial, movement-produced, and binocular disparity.
  24. Oculomotor cues involve the position and tension of eye muscles and lens shape.
  25. Pictorial cues can be depicted in still pictures and include overlap, relative size, height, atmospheric perspective, familiar size, linear perspective, shading, and texture gradient.
  26. Movement-produced cues include motion parallax, deletion, and accretion.
  27. Binocular disparity relies on the fact that our eyes see the world from slightly different positions.
  28. Corresponding and non-corresponding retinal points determine the amount of disparity.
  29. Stereo-blindness affects 2-5% of people.
  30. Hyperstereo can increase depth perception from disparity.
  31. The visual system uses disparity information to generate a percept of depth.
  32. A stereogram is a 3D image created by presenting the same image to both eyes but shifting one slightly to the left or right.
  33. There are many ways to make a stereogram, including random dot stereograms, animated autostereograms, and lenticular displays/printing.
  34. Perception of form and organization is important for recognizing, using, and naming objects in a structured and coherent environment.
  35. Marr's approach to perception is concerned with the representation of edges, contours, and other areas of contrast change.
  36. Gestalt psychology is concerned with rules of perceptual organization, including the whole being greater than the sum of its parts.
  37. Gestalt psychologists are interested in how we group parts of a stimulus together and how we separate figure from ground.
  38. The Gestalt laws of perceptual organization include similarity, good continuation, proximity, connectedness, closure, common fate, familiarity, invariance, and Prägnanz.
  39. Figure-ground segregation is the process of separating objects that seem prominent from those that recede into the background.
  40. Properties that affect whether an area is seen as a figure or ground include symmetry, convexity, area, orientation, and contrast.

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