Test Your Knowledge of Epidemiological Studies 16.2
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Test Your Knowledge of Epidemiological Studies 16.2

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Questions and Answers

Who is known as the father of epidemiology?

  • Florence Nightingale
  • Girolamo Fracastoro
  • John Snow (correct)
  • Joseph Lister

    • What was the germ theory of disease?

  • The idea that disease was caused by bad air
  • The idea that disease was caused by an imbalance of bodily fluids
  • The idea that disease was caused by witchcraft
  • The idea that disease was caused by germs (correct)

    • What is the difference between observational studies and experimental studies?

  • Experimental studies are easier to carry out than observational studies
  • Observational studies manipulate subjects while experimental studies do not
  • Observational studies are easier to carry out than experimental studies
  • Experimental studies manipulate subjects while observational studies do not (correct)

    • What is the miasma hypothesis?

    <p>The idea that disease was caused by bad air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of study designs in epidemiology?

    <p>To test hypotheses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who provided early epidemiological evidence leading to good public health practices in clinics and hospitals?

    <p>Joseph Lister</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three approaches to group-based analytical studies in epidemiology?

    <p>Cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to many reforms in the British military's system of medical care during the Crimean War?

    <p>Florence Nightingale's work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between cohort studies and case-control studies?

    <p>Cohort studies are prospective while case-control studies are retrospective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of experimental studies in epidemiology?

    <p>They provide the strongest evidence for the etiology of disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Snow's meticulous case-tracking methods in studying disease outbreaks?

    <p>To associate diseases with their causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the transition to acceptance of the germ theory in the 19th century on epidemiology?

    <p>It provided a solid mechanistic grounding to the study of disease patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of epidemiology?

    <p>It began with physicians looking for patterns in disease occurrence to understand how to prevent it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the germ theory of disease in the 19th century on epidemiology?

    <p>It provided a solid mechanistic grounding to the study of disease patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known as the father of epidemiology?

    <p>John Snow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the contribution of Florence Nightingale to epidemiology?

    <p>She provided early epidemiological evidence leading to good public health practices in clinics and hospitals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between observational studies and experimental studies in epidemiology?

    <p>Observational studies are typically easier to carry out than experimental studies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three approaches to group-based analytical studies in epidemiology?

    <p>Cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of experimental studies in epidemiology?

    <p>They provide the strongest evidence for the etiology of disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the miasma hypothesis?

    <p>It was a theory that suggested that diseases were caused by bad air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Joseph Lister's contribution to epidemiology?

    <p>He provided early epidemiological evidence leading to good public health practices in clinics and hospitals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of study designs in epidemiology?

    <p>To test hypotheses about disease occurrence and causation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Snow's meticulous case-tracking methods in studying disease outbreaks?

    <p>To test hypotheses about disease occurrence and causation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between cohort studies and case-control studies?

    <p>Cohort studies follow a group of people over time while case-control studies compare groups with and without the disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of epidemiology?

    <p>It began with physicians looking for patterns in disease occurrence to understand how to prevent it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the germ theory of disease in the 19th century on epidemiology?

    <p>It provided a solid mechanistic grounding to the study of disease patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known as the father of epidemiology?

    <p>John Snow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the contribution of Florence Nightingale to epidemiology?

    <p>She provided early epidemiological evidence leading to good public health practices in clinics and hospitals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between observational studies and experimental studies in epidemiology?

    <p>Observational studies are typically easier to carry out than experimental studies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three approaches to group-based analytical studies in epidemiology?

    <p>Cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of experimental studies in epidemiology?

    <p>They provide the strongest evidence for the etiology of disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the miasma hypothesis?

    <p>It was a theory that suggested that diseases were caused by bad air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Joseph Lister's contribution to epidemiology?

    <p>He provided early epidemiological evidence leading to good public health practices in clinics and hospitals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of study designs in epidemiology?

    <p>To test hypotheses about disease occurrence and causation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Snow's meticulous case-tracking methods in studying disease outbreaks?

    <p>To test hypotheses about disease occurrence and causation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between cohort studies and case-control studies?

    <p>Cohort studies follow a group of people over time while case-control studies compare groups with and without the disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed the germ theory of disease in 1546?

    <p>Girolamo Fracastoro</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the miasma hypothesis?

    <p>The belief that diseases were caused by bad air or foul smells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known for determining the source of the 1854 Broad Street cholera epidemic in London?

    <p>John Snow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of Florence Nightingale's work during the Crimean War?

    <p>It led to many reforms in the British military's system of medical care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are observational studies in epidemiology?

    <p>Studies in which subjects are not manipulated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are experimental studies in epidemiology?

    <p>Studies in which subjects are manipulated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cohort study in epidemiology?

    <p>A study in which a group of people are followed over time to observe disease occurrence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a case-control study in epidemiology?

    <p>A study in which cases with a disease are compared to controls without the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cross-sectional study in epidemiology?

    <p>A study in which disease occurrence is observed at a single point in time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of study designs in epidemiology?

    <p>To gather data to test a hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who provided early epidemiological evidence leading to good public health practices in clinics and hospitals?

    <p>Joseph Lister</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of observational studies in epidemiology?

    <p>They are typically easier to carry out than experimental studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between observational studies and experimental studies in epidemiology?

    <p>Experimental studies manipulate subjects while observational studies do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the miasma hypothesis?

    <p>The theory that diseases are caused by bad air or smells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of the transition to acceptance of the germ theory in the 19th century on epidemiology?

    <p>It provided a solid mechanistic grounding to the study of disease patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known for determining the source of the 1854 Broad Street cholera epidemic in London?

    <p>John Snow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of study designs in epidemiology?

    <p>To gather data to test a hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of Florence Nightingale's work during the Crimean War?

    <p>It led to many reforms in the British military's system of medical care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of experimental studies in epidemiology?

    <p>They provide the strongest evidence for the etiology of disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of epidemiology?

    <p>Epidemiology has its roots in the work of physicians who looked for patterns in disease occurrence as a way to understand how to prevent it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three approaches to group-based analytical studies in epidemiology?

    <p>Cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Joseph Lister known for in epidemiology?

    <p>Providing early epidemiological evidence leading to good public health practices in clinics and hospitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main disadvantage of observational studies in epidemiology?

    <p>They are only able to measure associations between disease occurrence and possible causative agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Snow's meticulous case-tracking methods in studying disease outbreaks?

    <p>To determine the source of disease outbreaks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed the germ theory of disease?

    <p>Girolamo Fracastoro</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known for determining the source of the 1854 Broad Street cholera epidemic in London?

    <p>John Snow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of study designs in epidemiology?

    <p>To measure associations between disease occurrence and possible causative agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of studies are typically easier to carry out than experimental studies?

    <p>Observational studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who provided early epidemiological evidence leading to good public health practices in clinics and hospitals?

    <p>Joseph Lister</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three approaches to group-based analytical studies in epidemiology?

    <p>Cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the strongest evidence for the etiology of disease?

    <p>Experimental studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of Florence Nightingale's work during the Crimean War?

    <p>Led to many reforms in the British military's system of medical care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between cohort studies and case-control studies?

    <p>Cohort studies study a group with a specific exposure, while case-control studies study a group with a specific outcome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Snow's meticulous case-tracking methods in studying disease outbreaks?

    <p>To gather data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the transition to acceptance of the germ theory in the 19th century on epidemiology?

    <p>Provided a solid mechanistic grounding to the study of disease patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of studies must be designed carefully to eliminate subtle effects of bias?

    <p>Experimental studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed the germ theory of disease?

    <p>Girolamo Fracastoro</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the miasma hypothesis?

    <p>The theory that diseases are caused by bad air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known as the founder of epidemiology?

    <p>John Snow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of study designs in epidemiology?

    <p>To test hypotheses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between cohort studies and case-control studies?

    <p>Cohort studies look at a group of people over time, case-control studies look at people with and without a disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of experimental studies in epidemiology?

    <p>They provide the strongest evidence for the etiology of disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of the transition to acceptance of the germ theory in the 19th century on epidemiology?

    <p>It provided a solid mechanistic grounding to the study of disease patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Joseph Lister known for in epidemiology?

    <p>Providing early epidemiological evidence leading to good public health practices in clinics and hospitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three approaches to group-based analytical studies in epidemiology?

    <p>Cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Snow's meticulous case-tracking methods in studying disease outbreaks?

    <p>To determine the source of disease outbreaks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Florence Nightingale known for in epidemiology?

    <p>Leading many reforms in the British military's system of medical care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between observational studies and experimental studies?

    <p>Experimental studies are used to measure associations, observational studies are used to establish causation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed the germ theory of disease in 1546?

    <p>Girolamo Fracastoro</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did John Snow determine during the 1854 Broad Street cholera epidemic in London?

    <p>The source of the epidemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of group-based analytical study in epidemiology?

    <p>Experimental studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about observational studies in epidemiology?

    <p>They are easier to carry out than experimental studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who provided early epidemiological evidence leading to good public health practices in clinics and hospitals?

    <p>Joseph Lister</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of Florence Nightingale's work during the Crimean War?

    <p>Led to many reforms in the British military's system of medical care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about experimental studies in epidemiology?

    <p>Provide the strongest evidence for the etiology of disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between cohort studies and case-control studies?

    <p>Cohort studies study a group with a common characteristic while case-control studies study a group without a common characteristic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of observational studies in epidemiology?

    <p>They are easier to carry out than experimental studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the miasma hypothesis?

    <p>A theory that diseases are caused by bad air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of epidemiology?

    <p>The study of patterns in disease occurrence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the transition to acceptance of the germ theory in the 19th century on epidemiology?

    <p>Provided a solid mechanistic grounding to the study of disease patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the observational and experimental studies in epidemiology?

    <p>Experimental studies involve manipulation of subjects while observational studies do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with determining the source of the 1854 Broad Street cholera epidemic in London?

    <p>John Snow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of Florence Nightingale's work during the Crimean War?

    <p>It led to many reforms in the British military's system of medical care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the miasma hypothesis?

    <p>The theory that diseases are caused by bad air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of study designs in epidemiology?

    <p>To gather data in order to test a hypothesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of experimental studies in epidemiology?

    <p>They provide the strongest evidence for the etiology of disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the transition to acceptance of the germ theory in the 19th century on epidemiology?

    <p>It provided a solid mechanistic grounding to the study of disease patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to many reforms in the British military's system of medical care during the Crimean War?

    <p>The work of Florence Nightingale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between cohort studies and case-control studies?

    <p>Cohort studies follow a group of people over time while case-control studies compare people with a disease to people without the disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the germ theory of disease?

    <p>The theory that diseases are caused by germs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Snow's meticulous case-tracking methods in studying disease outbreaks?

    <p>To determine the source of an epidemic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who provided early epidemiological evidence leading to good public health practices in clinics and hospitals?

    <p>Joseph Lister</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed the germ theory of disease?

    <p>Girolamo Fracastoro</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known for determining the source of the 1854 Broad Street cholera epidemic in London?

    <p>John Snow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the prevailing theory before the acceptance of the germ theory in the 19th century?

    <p>The miasma hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of Florence Nightingale's work during the Crimean War?

    <p>Provided early epidemiological evidence leading to good public health practices in clinics and hospitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of epidemiological studies?

    <p>Observational and experimental</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of study design is typically easier to carry out?

    <p>Observational studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of study design provides the strongest evidence for the etiology of disease?

    <p>Experimental studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three approaches to group-based analytical studies in epidemiology?

    <p>Cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of study designs in epidemiology?

    <p>To measure associations between disease occurrence and possible causative agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of the transition to acceptance of the germ theory in the 19th century on epidemiology?

    <p>It provided a solid mechanistic grounding to the study of disease patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Joseph Lister in epidemiology?

    <p>Developed good surgical practices to prevent infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of John Snow's meticulous case-tracking methods in studying disease outbreaks?

    <p>It helped determine the source of disease outbreaks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of epidemiology?

    <p>To understand how to prevent disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the miasma hypothesis?

    <p>The theory that diseases are caused by bad air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of the transition to acceptance of the germ theory in the 19th century on epidemiology?

    <p>It provided a solid mechanistic grounding to the study of disease patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Snow's meticulous case-tracking methods in studying disease outbreaks?

    <p>To identify the source of disease outbreaks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to many reforms in the British military's system of medical care during the Crimean War?

    <p>Florence Nightingale's work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three approaches to group-based analytical studies in epidemiology?

    <p>Cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of experimental studies in epidemiology?

    <p>They provide the strongest evidence for the etiology of disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between cohort studies and case-control studies?

    <p>Case-control studies compare individuals with a disease to those without the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who provided early epidemiological evidence leading to good public health practices in clinics and hospitals?

    <p>Joseph Lister</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between observational studies and experimental studies?

    <p>Observational studies are typically easier to carry out than experimental studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of Snow's meticulous case-tracking methods in associating new diseases with their causes?

    <p>They are now common practice in studying disease outbreaks and in associating new diseases with their causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of epidemiology?

    <p>It has its roots in the work of physicians who looked for patterns in disease occurrence as a way to understand how to prevent it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed the germ theory of disease?

    <p>Girolamo Fracastoro</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the British physician who determined the source of the 1854 Broad Street cholera epidemic in London?

    <p>John Snow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the nurse who led to many reforms in the British military's system of medical care during the Crimean War?

    <p>Florence Nightingale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who provided early epidemiological evidence leading to good public health practices in clinics and hospitals?

    <p>Joseph Lister</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of epidemiological studies?

    <p>Observational and experimental</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of study provides the strongest evidence for the etiology of disease?

    <p>Experimental studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of study is typically easier to carry out than experimental studies?

    <p>Observational studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of study designs in epidemiology?

    <p>To gather data to test a hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three approaches to group-based analytical studies in epidemiology?

    <p>Cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of John Snow's case-tracking methods in studying disease outbreaks?

    <p>They are now common practice in associating new diseases with their causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the miasma hypothesis?

    <p>The theory that diseases are caused by bad air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the transition to acceptance of the germ theory in the 19th century provide to epidemiology?

    <p>A solid mechanistic grounding to the study of disease patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed the germ theory of disease?

    <p>Girolamo Fracastoro</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of study designs in epidemiology?

    <p>To measure associations between disease occurrence and possible causative agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known for determining the source of the 1854 Broad Street cholera epidemic in London?

    <p>John Snow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of observational study?

    <p>Cohort study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of group-based analytical study in epidemiology?

    <p>Experimental study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of experimental studies in epidemiology?

    <p>They provide the strongest evidence for the etiology of disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who provided early epidemiological evidence leading to good public health practices in clinics and hospitals?

    <p>Joseph Lister</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between cohort studies and case-control studies?

    <p>Cohort studies start with a group of people with a certain characteristic, while case-control studies start with a group of people with and without a certain characteristic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the transition to acceptance of the germ theory in the 19th century on epidemiology?

    <p>It provided a solid mechanistic grounding to the study of disease patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some common study designs used in epidemiology?

    <p>Cohort studies and case-control studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Snow's meticulous case-tracking methods in studying disease outbreaks?

    <p>To identify possible causative agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of Florence Nightingale's work during the Crimean War?

    <p>It led to many reforms in the British military's system of medical care</p> Signup and view all the answers

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