Test Your Knowledge

10 Questions

What is the recommended maintenance system for orchards?

Black field

Which nutrient is mainly used for fertilization in orchards?

Phosphorus

Which irrigation method is not recommended for orchards?

Flooding irrigation

What is the purpose of fruit thinning in orchards?

To remove weaker fruits

What is the recommended watering method for fruit growing?

Furrow irrigation

What is the basic work for tree orchards in autumn?

Plowing

What are the recommended hygienic measures for orchards?

All of the above

Which pests are winter treatments concentrated on in orchards?

Lice and spider eggs

What is the purpose of props in orchards?

To prevent fruit breakage

Which fertilizer requirement changes according to the biological cycle of vegetation?

Nitrogen

Study Notes

Soil maintenance and cultivation are crucial for obtaining large and constant fruit harvests.
Rational tillage systems lead to the formation of active roots and a permanent nutrient reserve.
Mulching is recommended to preserve soil moisture.
Autumn plowing is the basic work for tree orchards.
Two maintenance systems are recommended: black field and weedy field.
Fertilizer requirements for trees change according to the biological cycle of vegetation.
Fertilization is mainly done with phosphorus and potassium and less with nitrogen.
Watering methods for fruit growing include short jet aspersion, furrow and drip irrigation.
Flood irrigation can cause soil compaction and crust formation.
Irrigation in circles or rings around the trees is recommended.
Different irrigation methods (drip, artificial rain, flooding) can be used in orchards to increase and sustain production.
Fruit thinning is necessary in years with abundant fruit to remove weaker fruits and balance fruiting.
Props should be placed under branches loaded with fruit to prevent them from breaking.
Trees should be regularly treated for diseases and pests with chemical products and hygienic measures.
Winter treatments are more concentrated and combat pests like lice and spider eggs.
Spring and summer treatments are less concentrated to avoid damaging leaves.
Hygienic measures include collecting fallen leaves, deep plowing, cleaning trunks, and placing clamps and sticky rings.
Pruning, disinfecting, and building screeds prevent rotting of tree trunks.
Dogs can be attracted to orchards to consume harmful insects.
These agrotechnical measures are important for increasing and sustaining production in orchards.