Test Your Biochemistry Knowledge

Study Notes

Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes in living organisms.
It is a sub-discipline of both chemistry and biology.
Biochemistry is divided into three fields: structural biology, enzymology, and metabolism.
The study of biochemistry helps in understanding tissues, organs, and organism structure and function.
Biochemistry deals with the structures, bonding, functions, and interactions of biological macromolecules.
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are the four main classes of biomolecules.
The six major elements that compose most of the human body are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, calcium, and phosphorus.
Carbohydrates are used for energy storage and providing structure.
Glucose is one of the most important carbohydrates.
A monosaccharide can switch between acyclic and cyclic forms.
Carbohydrates are organic molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates and can form disaccharides and polysaccharides through dehydration synthesis.
Lipids are a diverse range of molecules that are largely nonpolar and hydrophobic.
Triglycerides are the main group of bulk lipids and consist of one molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids.
Proteins are large molecules made up of amino acids joined by peptide bonds.
Amino acids have an alpha carbon atom attached to an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, a hydrogen atom, and a side chain.
Proteins can have structural and/or functional roles and are composed of primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures.
Enzymes are a type of protein that catalyze biochemical reactions in living cells.
Ingested proteins are broken down into single amino acids or dipeptides in the small intestine and can then be used to form new proteins.
Humans and animals cannot synthesize all the necessary amino acids and must obtain them from their diet.
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
Some amino acids are essential and must be ingested.
Nucleic acids are biopolymers that convey genetic information.
The most common nucleic acids are DNA and RNA.
Glucose is an energy source in most life forms.
Glycolysis is a ten-step pathway that breaks down glucose.
In aerobic cells, pyruvate is further metabolized, producing ATP and carbon dioxide.
Gluconeogenesis is the process of converting non-carbohydrate sources to glucose.
Biochemistry combines techniques from genetics, molecular biology, and biophysics.
Biochemistry studies the chemistry required for biological activity of molecules.
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