Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the first step in the test development process?
What is the first step in the test development process?
What is the main purpose of item analysis in test development?
What is the main purpose of item analysis in test development?
During which step of test development is the first draft of the test created?
During which step of test development is the first draft of the test created?
After the test try-out phase, what is primarily analyzed?
After the test try-out phase, what is primarily analyzed?
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In the test development process, what comes directly after item analysis?
In the test development process, what comes directly after item analysis?
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What is essential for a good test design?
What is essential for a good test design?
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What does the process of test revision entail?
What does the process of test revision entail?
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What may be included in item analysis during the testing process?
What may be included in item analysis during the testing process?
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What is the purpose of pilot research in test construction?
What is the purpose of pilot research in test construction?
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Which scale is specifically designed to assess test taker performance based on age?
Which scale is specifically designed to assess test taker performance based on age?
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How are Likert scales typically structured?
How are Likert scales typically structured?
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What is the main characteristic of the method of paired comparisons?
What is the main characteristic of the method of paired comparisons?
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Which scaling system sorts stimuli into quantifiable categories?
Which scaling system sorts stimuli into quantifiable categories?
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What type of data do methods like comparative scaling and categorical scaling produce?
What type of data do methods like comparative scaling and categorical scaling produce?
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Which statement best describes the stanine scale?
Which statement best describes the stanine scale?
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What does scaling fundamentally involve in measurement?
What does scaling fundamentally involve in measurement?
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What is the primary purpose of a pilot study in test development?
What is the primary purpose of a pilot study in test development?
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Which type of test is designed to measure a test taker's ability compared to a specific set of criteria?
Which type of test is designed to measure a test taker's ability compared to a specific set of criteria?
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What is the method described by Thurstone for obtaining data that are presumed to be interval?
What is the method described by Thurstone for obtaining data that are presumed to be interval?
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What aspect of test development should be considered to assess the potential for harm?
What aspect of test development should be considered to assess the potential for harm?
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Which item format requires the examinee to select one answer from provided options?
Which item format requires the examinee to select one answer from provided options?
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Which question is crucial for determining the intended impact of a test?
Which question is crucial for determining the intended impact of a test?
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In norm-referenced testing, what characterizes a 'good' item?
In norm-referenced testing, what characterizes a 'good' item?
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What is a recommended approach when developing the first draft of a standardized test?
What is a recommended approach when developing the first draft of a standardized test?
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What should a test developer consider when determining the content of a new test?
What should a test developer consider when determining the content of a new test?
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What should the final version of the standardized test ensure regarding the items?
What should the final version of the standardized test ensure regarding the items?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of constructed response item?
Which of the following is NOT a type of constructed response item?
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What question addresses how the meaning is derived from test scores?
What question addresses how the meaning is derived from test scores?
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Which factor influences the decision of whether to develop multiple forms of a test?
Which factor influences the decision of whether to develop multiple forms of a test?
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What is a significant factor to consider when deciding on the format of a test?
What is a significant factor to consider when deciding on the format of a test?
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Which of the following is an example of a selected response format?
Which of the following is an example of a selected response format?
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What type of item requires the examinee to provide a word or phrase to complete a sentence?
What type of item requires the examinee to provide a word or phrase to complete a sentence?
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What defines an essay response format?
What defines an essay response format?
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Which scoring model focuses on categorizing test takers based on their response patterns?
Which scoring model focuses on categorizing test takers based on their response patterns?
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What is a key characteristic of a good test item?
What is a key characteristic of a good test item?
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What is the recommended number of subjects for a test tryout?
What is the recommended number of subjects for a test tryout?
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What does ipsative scoring primarily compare?
What does ipsative scoring primarily compare?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good item?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good item?
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In the cumulative scoring model, what does a higher score indicate?
In the cumulative scoring model, what does a higher score indicate?
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What is the primary purpose of a test tryout?
What is the primary purpose of a test tryout?
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What is an important characteristic of a good test item?
What is an important characteristic of a good test item?
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Which of the following is NOT typically included in item analysis?
Which of the following is NOT typically included in item analysis?
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How can qualitative item analysis be conducted?
How can qualitative item analysis be conducted?
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What should a test developer do with items that are determined to be too easy?
What should a test developer do with items that are determined to be too easy?
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What is the primary aim of the test revision stage?
What is the primary aim of the test revision stage?
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What happens after administering the revised test under standardized conditions?
What happens after administering the revised test under standardized conditions?
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What does the item-reliability index measure?
What does the item-reliability index measure?
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Study Notes
Test Development Process
- Test development follows established principles of test construction, occurring in five stages
- 1. Test Conceptualization: The initial idea for the test is formed. This includes defining the construct to be measured and the test's purpose. Questions regarding the sample, content, administration procedures and formatting must be answered.
- 2. Test Construction: Items are drafted for the test based on the conceptualization.
- 3. Test Tryout: A trial run of the test is conducted on a sample group to collect data.
- 4. Item Analysis: Data from the tryout are analyzed using statistical procedures to evaluate each test item. This analysis assesses item reliability, validity, discrimination, and difficulty.
- 5. Test Revision: The analysis informs revisions of the test items, potentially leading to a second draft. The revised test is tried out in a new sample. This entire process repeats as necessary
Test Construction
- Test construction is the process of creating the actual test items.
- Scaling defines rules for assigning numbers to measure items (nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales). Examples are age, grade, and stanine scales.
- Scaling Methods: This includes Likert scales (opinions using statements about agreement or disagreement), paired comparisons (judgments of pairs of stimuli), or ordinal sorting (categorizing stimuli using a continuum).
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Writing Test Items:
- Determining the relevant content for the items.
- Choosing item formats (selected response format -multiple choice, true/false, and matching; constructed response format -essay, short answer, fill-in-the-blank). Test items must be carefully crafted to ensure clarity and avoid ambiguity.
- Number of items written should be carefully considered.
Item and Test Analysis
- Item Analysis: Statistical procedures used to evaluate individual test items. This will assess item difficulty, reliability, validity, and discrimination index.
- Qualitative Item Analysis: Non-quantitative methods, like using questionnaires or discussions, to gather information and improve the test.
- Cumulative Model: In this model, higher test scores indicate higher levels of the measured trait.
- Class Model: Test takers are categorized by similar score patterns.
- Ipsative Scoring: Comparison of scores within one test, like comparing a score on one scale to a score on another scale in the same test.
Test Revision and Tryout
- Test Tryout: The test is administered to a sample group similar to the target population for the final test. This aids in ensuring the test accurately measures the intended construct.
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Good Item Characteristics
- A good item should be reliable and valid.
- It should help discriminate between test takers.
- Test Revision: Test developers use item analysis results to improve the test by eliminating or revising items. Test items are added, removed, or rewritten based on the test analysis to provide a more accurate and effective test.
- The quality of the test is carefully and thoroughly considered in the revision stage.
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Description
This quiz explores the five stages of test development, including conceptualization, construction, tryouts, item analysis, and revision. It focuses on the principles of effective test construction and the importance of each stage in creating valid assessments. Test developers will gain insights into ensuring reliability and validity through systematic procedures.
