IAH 203 PPT 13: Territorial Changes and Wars in Latin America
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Questions and Answers

Which country was not part of the War of the Triple Alliance (a.k.a. The Paraguayan War)?

  • Uruguay
  • Argentina
  • Colombia (correct)
  • Brazil

    • Which river system played a significant role in the territorial disputes after independence from Spain?

  • Amazon River system
  • La Plata and Paraná river systems (correct)
  • Mississippi River system
  • Nile River system

    • Why did Paraguay need access to waterways like the La Plata and Paraná after its independence?

  • To connect with its western territories (correct)
  • To promote tourism
  • To establish naval dominance
  • For agricultural purposes

    • Who was the leader of Paraguay during the War of the Triple Alliance?

    <p>Francisco Solano López</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country miscalculated by attempting to attack Brazil through Argentina?

    <p>Paraguay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country was part of Gran Colombia but did not engage in the War of the Triple Alliance?

    <p>Panama</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did Spain sell Florida to the USA?

    <p>In 1821</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event resulted in Mexico losing Central America?

    <p>No war, separation agreement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country was NOT created when the United Provinces of Central America dissolved?

    <p>Panama</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who controlled parts of the Central American coasts in the early 19th century?

    <p>Britain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under which treaty did France sell Louisiana to the USA?

    <p>&quot;Louisiana Purchase&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did Mexico lose Texas after a war?

    <p>1836</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main reason Texas seceded from Mexico?

    <p>Fear of total abolition of slavery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary border dispute between Texas and Mexico after Texas separated?

    <p>Nueces River or Rio Grande</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Mexico consider Texas a rebel province?

    <p>Texas declared independence from Mexico</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did Panama become a new/separate country?

    <p>1903</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country did Belize formerly belong to before separating?

    <p>Great Britain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did President Polk send General Zachary Taylor to Fort Brown in 1846?

    <p>To address a border dispute with Mexico</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the Paraguayan War?

    <p>Paraguay loses territory to Brazil and Argentina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country suffered the most military casualties in the Paraguayan War?

    <p>Paraguay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the secondary consequences of the Paraguayan War for Brazil?

    <p>Promises of freedom to enslaved Africans who fought</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Paraguay's goal post-independence?

    <p>To access rivers and the Atlantic, mostly at Uruguay's expense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country's right to exist was acknowledged as a result of the Paraguayan War?

    <p>Uruguay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What made the Paraguayan War the deadliest inter-state war in Latin American history?

    <p>$60,000$ Paraguayan casualties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Chile wage war against and defeat Peru and Bolivia in the War of the Pacific?

    <p>The area was rich in nitrates, which were crucial for fertilizers and explosives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What valuable resources did Chile gain from Bolivia and Peru after defeating them in the War of the Pacific?

    <p>Sodium nitrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country lost its 250 miles of Pacific coastline and access to the sea as a result of the War of the Pacific?

    <p>Bolivia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Bolivia raise taxes on Chilean mining and threaten to confiscate Chilean properties before the War of the Pacific?

    <p>To retaliate for Chilean ownership of nitrate mines in Bolivia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason for Chile defeating both Bolivia and Peru in the War of the Pacific?

    <p>Chile possessed better-disciplined and trained military forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main product mined in the part of the Atacama Desert formerly owned by Bolivia and Peru?

    <p>Copper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main reason behind the Gadsden Purchase by the United States?

    <p>To acquire land for a transcontinental railroad route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country lost significant territory after the Mexican-American War (1846-1848)?

    <p>Mexico</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the splitting of Gran Colombia in 1830?

    <p>Formation of Venezuela and Ecuador as separate countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country was involved in diminishing the Viceroyalty of Peru by creating the Viceroyalty of New Granada in 1717?

    <p>Spain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prompted the United States to pay Mexico $15 million and forgive $3 million in debts?

    <p>To compensate for damages caused during the Mexican-American War</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Panama being part of the Viceroyalty of New Granada in 1780?

    <p>Panama controlled trade routes between South America and Central America</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Paraguay, a landlocked country, need access to waterways like La Plata and Paraná after independence?

    <p>To facilitate trade and commerce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the miscalculation made by Paraguay's leader, Francisco Solano López, during the War of the Triple Alliance (Paraguayan War)?

    <p>Attempting to invade Argentina through Brazil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which war involved Chile fighting against both Peru and Bolivia?

    <p>War of the Pacific</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geographical features were crucial to the territorial disputes between Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Brazil post-independence?

    <p>Waterways like La Plata and Paraná rivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes Gran Colombia's relationship with Panama?

    <p>'Panama' was originally part of Gran Colombia, then gained independence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterized Paraguay's status as a powerful country from 1820 to 1865?

    <p>Being landlocked but having strong military and economic capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary consequence for Brazil due to the Paraguayan War?

    <p>Brazil faced criticism for the lackluster military performance and many deaths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Uruguay in the Paraguayan War?

    <p>Uruguay's right to exist was acknowledged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the size of the military casualties and deaths from diseases in the Paraguayan War?

    <p>300,000 Paraguayans, 60,000 Brazilians, and 30,000 Argentinians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Brazil need to make promises of freedom to enslaved Africans during the war?

    <p>To undermine the institution of slavery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Paraguay's primary goal post-independence?

    <p>To access rivers and the Atlantic predominantly at Uruguay's expense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the secondary consequences of the Paraguayan War for Brazil?

    <p>Brazil was criticized for lackluster military performance and many deaths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Texas secede from Mexico?

    <p>Mexico abolished slavery, which Texans feared would lead to the total abolition of slavery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason for the Mexican-American War?

    <p>President Polk's expansionist policies and desire for territorial gains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What caused Belize to separate from the UK in 1981?

    <p>Belize disagreed with the UK's stance on slavery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Panama become a new/separate country in 1903?

    <p>Panama separated from Gran Colombia as a distinct nation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterized the constant chaos in Mexico during the time of Texas' secession?

    <p>Political instability due to frequent changes in government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to the border dispute between Texas and Mexico after Texas separated?

    <p>Disagreement over whether the Nueces River or Rio Grande formed the border.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Chile wage war against and defeat Peru and Bolivia in the War of the Pacific?

    <p>To expand its territory and gain access to the Pacific coastline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were nitrates important components of during the War of the Pacific?

    <p>Weapons and explosives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What valuable resources did Chile gain from Bolivia and Peru after defeating them in the War of the Pacific?

    <p>Copper mines in the Atacama Desert</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Bolivia's primary reason for raising taxes on Chilean mining before the War of the Pacific?

    <p>To retaliate against Chile for owning nitrate mines in Bolivia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the key outcomes of the War of the Pacific for Bolivia?

    <p>Loss of 250 miles of Pacific coastline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Peru and Bolivia become rivals with Chile over nitrate deposits?

    <p>Conflicts over control of Atacama Desert territories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Mexico not accept the secession of Texas?

    <p>Texans preferred Mexican Liberal constitution over Conservative constitution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to the border dispute between Texas and Mexico after Texas separated?

    <p>Question of whether the border was Nueces River or Rio Grande.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did President Polk send General Zachary Taylor to Fort Brown in 1846?

    <p>To prevent Mexico from invading American territory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the reasons Texans feared total abolition of slavery under Mexican rule?

    <p>Slaves in Texas were considered indentured servants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did most people consider Panama part of Central America despite its historical background?

    <p>It was a separate country as of 1903.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterized the cultural identity clash between Texas settlers and Mexican rule?

    <p>Preference for Mexican Liberal over Conservative constitution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Gadsden Purchase in 1853/54 for the United States?

    <p>It helped in securing a southern route for a transcontinental railroad.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes the impact of the Mexican-American War on Mexico in 1846-1848?

    <p>Mexico incurred significant debts to the United States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was the area shown in red in Mexico in 1848 significant?

    <p>It indicated the region ceded to the United States after the Mexican-American War.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which U.S. Presidency did the Gadsden Purchase take place?

    <p>Franklin Pierce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary motivation behind the U.S. wanting the land acquired through the Gadsden Purchase?

    <p>To secure a route for a transcontinental railroad.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Gadsden Purchase impact Santa Anna's political career?

    <p>It ended his political career by forcing his resignation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary consequence for Brazil as a result of the Paraguayan War?

    <p>Brazil's military performance disappointed, harming Pedro II’s reputation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterized Paraguay's status post-independence?

    <p>Paraguay remained a landlocked country despite its intentions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main goal of Paraguay during the Paraguayan War?

    <p>To gain access to rivers and the Atlantic at Uruguay's expense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome for Paraguay after the Paraguayan War?

    <p>Paraguay lost significant territory to Brazil and Argentina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country suffered the most military casualties during the Paraguayan War?

    <p>Paraguay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Brazil respond to the need for manpower during the Paraguayan War?

    <p>By recruiting enslaved Africans and promising them freedom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the primary reasons for Paraguay's need to access waterways like La Plata and Paraná after its independence?

    <p>To facilitate trade and commerce due to being landlocked</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country was part of the Viceroyalty of Peru before becoming part of Gran Colombia and later achieving independence in 1903?

    <p>Panama</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant geographical feature crucial to the territorial disputes among Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Brazil post-independence?

    <p>River systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which war involved Paraguay fighting against Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay from 1865 to 1870?

    <p>The Triple Alliance (Paraguayan War)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the primary goals of Paraguay's leader, Francisco Solano López, during the Paraguayan War?

    <p>To attack Brazil by marching through Argentina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the key reasons for Chile waging war against and defeating Peru and Bolivia in the War of the Pacific?

    <p>The presence of nitrates in the region, crucial for fertilizers and explosives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Bolivia raise taxes on Chilean mining before the War of the Pacific?

    <p>To retaliate against Chilean companies owning nitrate mines in Bolivia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the primary outcomes for Bolivia as a result of the War of the Pacific?

    <p>Gain of access to the sea and a 250-mile coastline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prompted Chile to wage war against and defeat Peru and Bolivia in the War of the Pacific?

    <p>Bolivia's attempts to create a monopoly over nitrate resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Chile gain valuable coastal lands and mineral resources after defeating Bolivia and Peru in the War of the Pacific?

    <p>By defeating both countries militarily and acquiring territories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Bolivia lose its 250 miles of Pacific coastline as a result of the War of the Pacific?

    <p>Chile militarily defeated Bolivia and took over its coastal lands</p> Signup and view all the answers

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