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Questions and Answers
What is the study of birth defects and congenital abnormalities called?
What is the study of birth defects and congenital abnormalities called?
- Genetics
- Pathology
- Embryology
- Teratology (correct)
Which period of development is most at risk from teratogens?
Which period of development is most at risk from teratogens?
- Second trimester
- Third trimester
- Postnatal period
- First trimester (correct)
What percentage of major congenital abnormalities are caused by an interaction of the environment with a person’s genetic susceptibility?
What percentage of major congenital abnormalities are caused by an interaction of the environment with a person’s genetic susceptibility?
- 10%
- 55% (correct)
- 30%
- 15%
What are the three categories into which the causes of birth defects fall?
What are the three categories into which the causes of birth defects fall?
Which stage of pregnancy is most susceptible to the effects of teratogenic agents?
Which stage of pregnancy is most susceptible to the effects of teratogenic agents?
What type of malformations did Thalidomide cause?
What type of malformations did Thalidomide cause?
Which virus causes congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) with severe microcephaly and neurological issues?
Which virus causes congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) with severe microcephaly and neurological issues?
What is the effect of tetracycline on fetal development?
What is the effect of tetracycline on fetal development?
What syndrome is caused by Phenytoin, characterized by growth retardation and specific facial features?
What syndrome is caused by Phenytoin, characterized by growth retardation and specific facial features?
Which infection is an example of a teratogen causing congenital malformations?
Which infection is an example of a teratogen causing congenital malformations?
What is the effect of ionizing radiation on the developing embryo?
What is the effect of ionizing radiation on the developing embryo?
What percentage of newborns have single minor malformations?
What percentage of newborns have single minor malformations?
What are the effects of anti-neoplastic or chemotherapeutic agents on fetal development?
What are the effects of anti-neoplastic or chemotherapeutic agents on fetal development?
What deficiency and malformations are demonstrated by infants born to alcoholic mothers?
What deficiency and malformations are demonstrated by infants born to alcoholic mothers?
What is the effect of Rubella infection on fetal development?
What is the effect of Rubella infection on fetal development?
What is the impact of teratogens on the placenta during pregnancy?
What is the impact of teratogens on the placenta during pregnancy?
Study Notes
Teratogenic Effects and Examples of Congenital Malformations
- Approximately 14% of newborns have single minor malformations, often of no clinical consequence.
- Specific minor malformations may suggest the possibility of an associated major malformation.
- Teratogenic agents have the greatest effects during the embryonic stage (3-8 weeks) of pregnancy.
- Teratogens can easily be transferred across the placenta during pregnancy.
- Examples of teratogens causing congenital malformations include Rubella and Cytomegalovirus infection.
- Zika virus causes congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) with severe microcephaly and neurological issues.
- Ionizing radiation can injure the developing embryo, with severity depending on dose and stage of development.
- Thalidomide, marketed as a sedative, caused limb abnormalities and malformations of other organs.
- Tetracycline causes yellow staining of deciduous teeth and diminished growth of long bones.
- Phenytoin causes fetal hydantoin syndrome, including growth retardation and specific facial features.
- Anti-neoplastic or chemotherapeutic agents are highly teratogenic and should be avoided during pregnancy.
- Infants born to alcoholic mothers demonstrate prenatal and postnatal growth deficiency and congenital malformations.
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Description
Test your knowledge of teratogenic effects and congenital malformations with this quiz. Learn about the impact of teratogens on embryonic development and examples of congenital malformations caused by factors such as infections, medications, and environmental exposures.
