Untitled Quiz

Fuel and building material

Store energy, insulate and cushion vital organs

Storage, support, transport, communication, movement, defence, enzymes

<p>DNA: Instructions to make proteins, RNA: messenger molecule in protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple ring structures bonded together by alpha 1,4 and 1,6 and beta 1,6 glycosidic linkages</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One glycerol bonded to 3 fatty acids bonded many times with ester linkages</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chain of amino acids with peptide bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alpha helix or beta pleated sheets with hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein chain twisted together. Disulfide bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Many polypeptide chains clumped together. No bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monosaccharides. Glucose, Fructose, Galactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycerol bonded to 3 fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 monosaccharides bonded together. Sucrose, Maltose, and Lactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 or more monosaccharides bonded together. Amylose, Amylopectin, Cellulose, Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long term storage of energy, insulate and protect organs. Stored in adipose cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A phosphate bonded to a glycerol with 2 fatty acids. Hydrophilic polar head, hydrophobic non-polar tail</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Found in cell membranes to allow transfer of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipids with 4 ring structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 helical polypeptides twisted together. Used to strengthen connective tissue in skin, bones, ligaments, and tendons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the OH of a hydroxyl group from one monomer bonds with the H of a hydroxyl group from another and water is formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chain of amino acids. Primary protein structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A phosphate + a deoxyribose sugar + a nitrogenous base</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phosphodiester bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Messenger RNA, carries message to ribosomes to make proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amylose, Amylopectin, Cellulose, and Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The breaking of the bonds in a macromolecule due to some unfavorable condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Process of bonding monomers together to make a polymer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amylose, Amylopectin, Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amylopectin, Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A complex starch bonded by alpha 1,4 and 1,6 linkages. Used to store carbohydrates in animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A simple starch bonded by beta 1,4 linkages. Used to make the structure of a cell wall in plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Random 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic linkages between glucose molecules to tightly pack it</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beta 1,4 glycosidic linkages in a straight line</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A protein catalyst that speeds up a reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Something that helps speed up a reaction or allows it to take place but isn't part of the reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protease, lipase, amylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The amount of energy needed to break the bonds in the reactant molecule. Often in the form of heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Portion of energy that is available to do the work when temperature is constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the reactant starts off with more energy and releases it to create the product. Spontaneous.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the reactant starts off with less energy and requires energy to create the product. Not spontaneous.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By decreasing the activation energy, providing active sites for reactants to join in proper orientation, providing a specific environment for reaction to occur, putting stress on bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A reactant that an enzyme acts upon. Enzymes are substrate specific</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Area in an enzyme where the reactants come together in the right orientation and bind together</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When an enzyme binds its substrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pH, Temperature, [ ] of enzyme, [ ] of substrate, salinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Greater rate of reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Greater rate of reaction until all the active sites are full then it stays constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breaks down hydrogen peroxide (which kills cells) in our body into harmless substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibition, allosteric regulation, feedback inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevents some enzymes from being used and slows down reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Competitive inhibitor, non-competitive inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Structurally similar to the substrate and goes into the active site preventing substrates from entering</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Not structurally similar. Bonds to the regulatory site on enzyme which changes the shape of active site preventing substrate from entering</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Functional groups in the same spot on the substrate and enzyme bond, holding the substrate in place</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When an effector bonds to an allosteric enzyme and causes it to be inactive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An enzyme that can change shape to either allow or not allow a substrate in depending on if the effector is present</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Activators, and inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An enzyme reacts with a substrate creating a new substrate which reacts with a different enzyme etc. until the end product is the inhibitor for the first enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzyme that consists of polypeptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Substrate has more energy and moves more allowing it to have a greater chance of meeting the enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transports materials in and out of cell. Prevents unwanted matter from escaping, keeps needed matter in.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A description of the structure of the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phospholipid bilayers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cholesterol, Protein, Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Keeps it solid in hot temperatures, and keeps it fluid in cold temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peripheral protein and integral protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anchor the cytoskeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allow large molecules through the membrane and are receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycoproteins and Glycolipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrate chain attached to an integral protein. Used in cell recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrate chain attached to phospholipids. Used as receptors and to stabilize the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moving of materials in and out of the cell without using energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The movement of particles from a high concentration gradient to a low concentration gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What percent of a substance is in a solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concentration gradient, Distance, Area, Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is a larger difference in concentration so it diffuses quicker</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More energy so particles move faster and diffuse faster</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use of integral proteins to diffuse certain molecules through and not others</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Used to transport large molecules that can't diffuse through the cell membrane, allows certain molecules to move through at a faster rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Movement of water from high [ ] to low [ ] of water and movement of water from low [ ] to high [ ] of solute</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If solute can't be diffused then water diffuses instead to balance out the concentration gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>[water] outside = [water] inside, [solute] outside = [solute] inside. Amount of water moving in and out. Dynamic equilibrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>[water] outside &gt; [water] inside, [solute] outside &lt; [solute] inside. Water flows into the cell to reach equilibrium. Cell expands, animal cells burst</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>[water] outside &lt; [water] inside, [solute] outside &gt; [solute] inside. Water flows out of the cell to reach equilibrium. Animal cells shrivel (crenation), plants (plasmolysis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Movement of substances through an integral protein that requires energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moving things that are needed in high concentration into the cell against the concentration gradient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein pumps, bulk transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) breaks down into adenosine diphosphate and that releases energy for active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An integral protein that 'pumps' certain molecules in and out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A protein pump that transports in 2 potassiums for every 3 sodiums</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moving huge molecules (polymer) in and out by forming a vesicle around the molecule with the cell membrane. Cell membrane pinches off around the molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phagocytosis, pinocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell engulfs the molecule and forms a vesicle around it</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell takes in liquid or dissolved substances and forms a vesicle around that</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell reads receptors on molecules to identify them and decide to take them or not. Receptors move all molecules to one location and phago or pinocytosis them</p> Signup and view all the answers