Temporary Festival Impacts on Rural Areas
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Questions and Answers

What is a significant negative impact of driving on the wet playa at Burning Man?

  • Enhanced drainage capabilities
  • Increase in plant growth
  • Disruption of food webs (correct)
  • Improved ecological balance

    • In 2019, what percentage of global employment was supported by the tourism industry?

  • 5.2%
  • 10.3% (correct)
  • 12.6%
  • 7.8%

    • What percentage of jobs in Antigua and Barbuda were accounted for by the tourism industry in 2019?

  • 85.2%
  • 60.1%
  • 90.7% (correct)
  • 75.4%

    • What was the decline in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) contribution from tourism in Saint Lucia in 2020?

    <p>71.7% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key social consequence of mass tourism on cultural heritage sites?

    <p>Cultural erosion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern regarding TNCs and their influence on local food systems?

    <p>Importation of unhealthy processed foods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By how much did TNCs increase foreign direct investment in food sectors from 1992 to 2007?

    <p>From under $10 billion to over $40 billion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of total added sugars in the average Mexican diet do sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) represent?

    <p>70% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the sugar tax implemented in Mexico in 2014?

    <p>Reduction in sugar purchases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant cultural impact noted in Hawaii due to mass tourism?

    <p>Replacement of traditional luaus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one likely effect of leakage in tourism, particularly in Thailand?

    <p>Displacement of local businesses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the health crises caused by TNCs in Mexico?

    <p>High prevalence of overweight and obesity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of British schoolchildren did not meet any of the Eatwell Guide dietary recommendations in a study?

    <p>10% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to the higher cost of food in low-income areas described as 'food deserts'?

    <p>Limited stock in small convenience stores (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which program in Ethiopia aims to build food self-sufficiency among the rural poor?

    <p>Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a negative consequence of short-term aid in famine situations?

    <p>Creating dependency on aid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country is noted for having a very high percentage of its GDP coming from aid dependency?

    <p>Somalia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does media play in response to famine?

    <p>Highlighting the severity and pressuring governments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What demographic characteristic of Haiti contributes to its vulnerability during earthquakes?

    <p>A significant portion of the population being children (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant economic factor affecting Haiti's vulnerability to natural disasters?

    <p>Poverty leading to poor infrastructure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of technology after an earthquake, what advantage does Japan have over Haiti?

    <p>Better smartphone ownership rates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the consequences of the Saudi Arabian blockade on Yemen?

    <p>Worsening of famine conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason why community food banks were established in Mali by NGOs?

    <p>To store surplus harvest and address food shortages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of urban planning has contributed to Haiti's increased vulnerability to earthquakes?

    <p>Location on a fault line (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does corruption impact aid effectiveness in Somalia?

    <p>High percentage of aid being stolen or diverted (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to lower school attendance in Haiti post-earthquake?

    <p>Access to online education resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a direct consequence of the agricultural sector damage in Yemen due to conflict?

    <p>Worsened food insecurity for many residents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What economic benefit did Coachella bring to Indio, California in 2016?

    <p>$106 million (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a negative environmental impact of Burning Man?

    <p>Increased CO2 emissions of over 100,000 tons annually (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue arises from Coachella's noise pollution in relation to its location?

    <p>Negative effects on mental health in local communities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception regarding the accessibility of Burning Man?

    <p>Only one highway primarily services the event (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of solid waste generated by Coachella is recycled?

    <p>20% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the Coachella location contributes positively to its accessibility?

    <p>Location near major cities and highways (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What economic impact did Coachella have on local employment in 2012?

    <p>Employed over 4,000 people (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What health condition is associated with air quality issues at Burning Man?

    <p>Playa lung (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Temporary Festival Impacts on Rural Areas

    • Economic Impacts: Coachella generated over $106 million for Indio, CA, and $600 million for the Coachella Valley in 2016. It employed over 4,000 locals in 2012. Governments collected $3.5 million in taxes, funds that can support infrastructure or public services. However, festivals can also increase crime, necessitating more law enforcement spending.

    • Environmental Impacts: Noise pollution from events like Coachella can exceed 110 decibels. Burning Man releases over 100,000 tons of CO2 annually, potentially causing health issues (“Playa lung”). Burning Man's impact on the playa's ecology includes disrupting food webs, creating runoff problems and causing flooding due to the lack of water absorption. Coachella generates 107 tons of waste daily, with only 20% recycled.

    Festival Site Advantages and Disadvantages

    • Burning Man (Black Rock City): Advantages include a large site (over 4 square miles) accommodating 73,000 attendees (2023); the desert climate with minimal rainfall in Spring/Summer, and accessibility to major highways (largely reliant on Highway 34, resulting in congestion.)

    • Coachella: Advantages include ease of access via major highways and nearby cities (LA, San Diego), plus airports.

    • Disadvantages (Both): Coachella experience noise pollution that is close to residents. Burning Man suffers from accessibility issues (single highway), extreme weather (dust storms, wind, cold nights), and environmental harm to the "playa" soil (runoff).

    Tourism as a National Development Strategy

    • Economic Benefits: Tourism worldwide supported 330 million jobs (10.3% global employment) in 2019. Some countries heavily rely on it (e.g., Antigua and Barbuda). While employment is a benefit, diversification is crucial; dependence on tourism can leave countries vulnerable to market changes. Tourism revenue can contribute significant tax revenue, e.g., $180 billion in the US in 2019.

    • Economic Disadvantages: Leakage of tourism income (e.g., 70% in Thailand), often due to involvement with transnational corporations (TNCs.) This can displace local businesses, further impacting the local economy. Job creation may be low skilled and poorly paid (seasonal). Countries can suffer negative impacts during global crises (e.g., Saint Lucia's 71.7% decline in GDP in 2020).

    • Social Benefits: Increased funding for cultural heritage sites (e.g., Wadi-Al-Hitan, Egypt), though mass tourism can negatively impact cultural heritage sites (e.g., 72% of UNESCO World Heritage Sites report negative effects). These effects include cultural degradation (traditional local cultural events being replaced by tourist-oriented ones).

    • Social Disadvantages: Locals can be displaced by price increases and overcrowding (e.g., Venice). Tourism can lead to cultural erosion and a distortion of local cultural identities for tourists.

    Transnational Corporations (TNCs) and their Impacts

    • Negative Impacts: TNCs can introduce processed foods (e.g., sugar-sweetened beverages) to local markets, leading to health crises (e.g., obesity in Mexico). TNCs often push out traditional food sources with cheaper, imported products (e.g., turkey tails displacing traditional meals in Samoa). This results in increased reliance on imported, processed foods, and significant shifts away from traditional diets. TNCs increased FDI substantially from 1992-2007, greatly changing food sectors in low-income countries. They are associated with a higher proportion of processed foods in exports for high and low income countries. Their aggressive marketing strategies, and affordability advantage of their processed foods push out local products in local markets in developing regions.

    • Positive Impacts: In some cases, TNCs provide low-income countries access to inexpensive, high-calorie foods.

    Government/International Organizations and Famine

    • Negative Impacts: Conflicts and blockades (e.g., Yemen) worsen famine dramatically. Aid can be diverted or stolen, leading to limited impact.

    • Positive Impacts: Some governments implement programs to address food insecurity (e.g., Ethiopia's PSNP). International organizations (e.g., UNDP) provide short-term and long-term aid, addressing famine and increasing food resilience.

    • Complexity: Short-term aid may create dependency, especially for countries with large humanitarian needs (e.g., Somalia). Corruption (e.g., warlords, contractors) can diminish aid impact. Governments may use food aid as political leverage.

    Human Factors Affecting Geophysical Hazard Vulnerability

    • Economic Factors: Poverty correlates strongly with high disaster vulnerability. Poor infrastructure and building practices make communities highly vulnerable, leading to higher loss of life and property. Lack of disaster preparedness, recovery mechanisms and building codes are all highly correlated with high death and property rates.

    • Demographic/Social Factors: Higher proportions of the younger population are more vulnerable in relation to the older population. Dense population concentration in urban areas increases vulnerability. Low levels of education and awareness increase vulnerability since individuals lack knowledge of prevention and preparedness measures.

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    Description

    Explore the significant economic and environmental impacts of large festivals like Coachella and Burning Man on rural areas. The quiz covers aspects such as local employment, tax revenues, crime rates, noise pollution, and ecological disruption. Test your knowledge about how these events affect both communities and the environment.

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