Lecture 3
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of a motor unit?

  • Control involuntary muscle contraction
  • Generate sensory feedback
  • Control voluntary muscle contraction (correct)
  • Innervate multiple muscle fibers

Which term best describes the relationship between motoneurons and muscle fibers in a motor unit?

  • Many-to-many
  • One-to-one
  • Many-to-one
  • One-to-many (correct)

What is the final common pathway to create muscle contraction?

  • From sensory neurons to lower motor neurons
  • From cerebellum to spinal cord
  • From spinal motor neurons to muscles (correct)
  • From upper motor neurons to sensory receptors

Which Nobel laureate was involved in the concept of the motor unit?

<p>C.S. Sherrington (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of neuromuscular electrical stimulation?

<p>To improve voluntary force output (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does electromyography contribute to understanding muscle function?

<p>By recording electrical activity of muscles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism for force gradation at the level of motor units?

<p>Temporal summation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is temporal summation studied to understand force gradation?

<p>Recording muscle force response from artificial electrical stimulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does increased firing rates of motor units have on force production?

<p>Increases force due to more Ca2+ release (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during temporal summation of twitches?

<p>Multiple action potentials sum up to increase force (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what range of frequencies are recruited motor units typically found during voluntary control?

<p>8-10Hz (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does surface EMG measure in terms of muscle activity?

<p>Electrical activity of many asynchronously activated motor units (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle action involves muscle shortening while generating force?

<p>Concentric (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle contraction is generally not experienced in day-to-day activities?

<p>Isokinetic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional measure for movement combining speed with force?

<p>Power (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle contraction involves muscle lengthening while generating force?

<p>Eccentric (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of muscle contraction does the load remain fixed while velocity varies throughout the range of motion?

<p>Isotonic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are smaller motor units first recruited and last derecruited during muscle force gradation?

<p>To simplify motor control schemes by limiting fatigue in tasks requiring low force levels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the recruitment of motor units related to the Henneman Size Principle explained?

<p>By the size of motoneurons and synaptic density. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Henneman Size Principle in muscle control?

<p>It simplifies motor control by recruiting smallest, fatigue-resistant units first. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Henneman Size Principle suggest about the recruitment of motor units during tasks requiring low force levels?

<p>Smallest, fatigue-resistant units are recruited first to limit fatigue development. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the method of selective recording of individual activated motor units using trains of action potentials known as?

<p>Intramuscular EMG (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the CNS benefit from following the Henneman Size Principle in motor control?

<p>By simplifying motor control schemes through orderly recruitment based on size. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences the shape of the force-frequency curve indicating the relationship between electrical stimulation frequency and force output?

<p>Type II motor unit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason behind the orderly recruitment pattern of motor units according to the Henneman Size Principle?

<p>To limit fatigue by recruiting smallest, fatigue-resistant units first. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is critical for force production in a muscle according to the content provided?

<p>The contractile state of the muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method involves electrical stimulation of muscle to produce a fused tetanus response?

<p>Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the force/frequency curve describe in relation to electrical stimulation input and force output?

<p>The relationship between electrical stimulation frequency and force output (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can all motor units of a muscle be recruited and maximally activated during voluntary efforts according to the content?

<p>Yes, most of the time, in most people and most muscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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