Temperature, Heat, and Thermal Equilibrium

• The normal human body temperature is 36.5ºC.
• The temperature needs to be converted to S.I. units.
• If a person has a fever of 39ºC, it's necessary to calculate the temperature increase in Kelvin.
• The surface temperature of the Sun is about 6000ºC.
• Recent research suggests that the Earth's core has a similar temperature.
• Polaris has a surface temperature of 7200 K.
• The predicted temperature of the Earth's core needs to be expressed in S.I. units.
• The surface temperature of Polaris needs to be determined in Celsius.
• Water's melting and boiling points on the Kelvin scale are required.
• Two systems, A and B, are in thermal equilibrium.
• It is possible that A and B have the same temperature but different internal energy.

Joule's Experiment

• Joule heated water in a container by moving paddles inside, demonstrating that heat and work are equivalent for heating a body.
• Heat flows from hotter to colder bodies.
• Heat and work are equivalent processes for heating a body.
• It's possible to heat a body through work.
• Transfer of energy occurs through heat in specific situations.

Energy Transfer

• The main process of energy transfer by heat is associated with different situations:
• Sunburn on the beach
• Roasting meat with an iron skewer
• Heating a pan with water on an electric stove
• Heating the air in a house with a heater.
• Proper use of the word "heat" in given statements needs to be identified.
• Black roofs are used in cold areas for a specific reason.
• An aluminum pan cooks food best with an electric plate under certain conditions.
• The mass heat capacity of lead is 0.0305 cal g-1 ºC-1.
• The physical meaning of this value needs to be indicated and expressed in SI units.
• Machine A receives 4.50 kJ of energy as heat and transfers 300 J as work.
• Machine B receives 600 J as work and 140 cal as heat.
• It needs to be determined in which machine there was a greater change in the internal energy of the system, justifying the answer.

Potential Gravitational Energy

• The vehicle with more potential gravitational energy, either X or Y, has to be identified.
• The vehicle with less gravitational potential energy has to be determined between X and Z.

Skater Positions

• The figure shows four positions of a boy in a skatepark.
• The position with the most gravitational potential energy should be indicated.
• The position with the least gravitational potential energy should be indicated.
• The position with the most kinetic energy should be indicated.
• The justification for the skater having approximately the same energy in positions B and D.

Block Transport

• A 50 kg block is transported.
• The potential energy for each position needs to be calculated.
• The kinetic energy from A to C needs to be determined.
• The variation needs to be determined for the block

Athlete Kinetic Energy

• Calculation of the kinetic energy for each athlete running on a straight track at a constant speed.
• The conversion of energy types need to be observed in situations A and B.
• Air resistance is considered negligible.
• If a ball starts from rest and its gravitational potential energy is 300 J, answers to the following questions is needed.
• The values needs to be caluclated for the kinetic and mechanical energy of the ball:
• It must be justified why the value of the ball's kinetic energy immediately before touching the ground is 300 J.

Automobile Motion

• An automobile of 1.1 tons starts from rest.
• It travels on a flat, horizontal road in a straight line with a constant acceleration of 1 m/s² for 30 s.
• Identify the correct statement:
• Calculations are needed for the velocity of the car at the end of the 30 s.
• Select the correct option for the kinetic energy of the car at the end of the 30 s.