Chapter 17 ( Hard )
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Questions and Answers

Which temperature scale is based on the concept of absolute zero?

  • Fahrenheit
  • Kelvin (correct)
  • Celsius
  • Rankine

    • What is the boiling point of water in the Fahrenheit scale?

  • 100 °F
  • 32 °F
  • 0 °F
  • 212 °F (correct)

    • How is thermal equilibrium achieved between two objects?

  • When one object continuously absorbs heat from the other
  • By equalizing their masses
  • By keeping one object at absolute zero
  • When they are in contact and their temperatures equalize (correct)

    • What is the freezing point of water on the Celsius scale?

    <p>0 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about the Kelvin temperature scale?

    <p>273 K approximates the freezing point of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does thermal expansion play in temperature measurement?

    <p>It causes varying readings based on material properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct definition of temperature?

    <p>The average kinetic energy of particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which temperature scale defines the boiling point of water at 373 K?

    <p>Kelvin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT true about the Celsius temperature scale?

    <p>It has an absolute zero reference point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In practical terms, which factor is most influential in determining how we perceive temperature?

    <p>Humidity and airflow conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Celsius equivalent of 72.0 °F?

    <p>22.2 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the temperature is 10 K, what is its equivalent in Celsius?

    <p>-263 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following equations correctly converts Celsius to Fahrenheit?

    <p>$T_F = \frac{9}{5}T_C + 32$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which conditions would thermal expansion occur?

    <p>When temperatures increase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature in Celsius when the temperature in Fahrenheit is equal to the temperature in Celsius plus 10 degrees?

    <p>-27.5 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a bridge span is designed to accommodate thermal expansion, which temperature changes will it be most affected by?

    <p>Increase in temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result when adding 273 to the Celsius temperature of 22.2 °C?

    <p>295 K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the coldest temperature among 10 °C, 10 °F, and 10 K?

    <p>10 K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between temperature and atomic vibrations?

    <p>Higher temperatures increase the amplitude of atomic vibrations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To find the temperature in Celsius based on a temperature reading that is 10 degrees higher in Fahrenheit, what is the critical step?

    <p>Set up an equation using both Celsius and Fahrenheit formulas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of increasing temperature on solids and liquids?

    <p>Increasing atomic spacing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of thermal expansion involves the change in length of an object?

    <p>Linear expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the linear expansion coefficient (α) represent?

    <p>The constant rate of expansion for a material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the increase in length of a material generally calculated?

    <p>By using a formula that includes the initial length and a temperature variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For the Mackinac Bridge, what are the lowest and highest temperatures considered for calculating thermal expansion?

    <p>-50 °C and 50 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of the linear expansion coefficient for steel used in the Mackinac Bridge calculation?

    <p>13·10–6 °C–1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about thermal expansion in solids and liquids?

    <p>All materials expand the same way at all temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the length of a metal rod is given, which formula would you use to calculate the increase in length due to thermal expansion?

    <p>Increase in length = L * α * ΔT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs as a direct result of increased atomic vibrations in a material?

    <p>Expanded atomic spacing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Celsius equivalent of 10.0 °F?

    <p>-12.2 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the temperature in Celsius is -27.5 °C, what is the corresponding temperature in Kelvin?

    <p>245.65 K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a situation where the temperature in Celsius is 0 °C, what would the temperature reading be in Fahrenheit?

    <p>32 °F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What expression correctly represents the conversion from Celsius to Kelvin?

    <p>Tk = Tc + 273.15</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which temperature is equivalent to room temperature, often considered to be 72 °F, when converted to Celsius?

    <p>22.2 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do solids and liquids generally respond to increasing temperature?

    <p>They expand with increased temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a given temperature in Fahrenheit that is equal to the temperature in Celsius plus 32 degrees, which equation is correct?

    <p>Tf = Tc + 32</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which temperature scale defines the freezing point of water at 32 °F?

    <p>Fahrenheit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the amount of linear expansion that occurs in a given material?

    <p>The linear expansion coefficient (α) and temperature change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If thermal expansion occurs, what causes materials to expand with temperature increase?

    <p>Increased atomic vibrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the accepted value of the linear expansion coefficient for steel used in the Mackinac Bridge calculation?

    <p>13·10–6 °C–1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you calculate the temperature in Celsius if the temperature in Fahrenheit is 10 degrees higher than in Celsius?

    <p>Tc + 10 = Tc + 32</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct Kelvin equivalent for 100 °C?

    <p>373.15 K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of thermal expansion refers specifically to the increase in the length of an object?

    <p>Linear expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When converting a temperature of 10 K to Celsius, what is the resulting temperature in Celsius?

    <p>-263.15 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these temperature scales is primarily used in scientific contexts?

    <p>Kelvin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of converting 22.2 °C to Fahrenheit?

    <p>72.0 °F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does thermal equilibrium affect two objects in contact with different temperatures?

    <p>The temperatures will equalize over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a steel rod is heated from a temperature of -50 °C to 50 °C, what must be accounted for regarding its expansion?

    <p>It requires room for thermal expansion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason solids and liquids expand when heated?

    <p>Higher atomic vibrations and increased spacing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which relationship correctly describes the concept of linear thermal expansion?

    <p>Change in length is proportional to the change in temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common misconception about temperature scales?

    <p>Kelvin can be negative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of thermal expansion, which of the following best describes the concept of $eta$?

    <p>It is a coefficient for area expansion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the thermal expansion principle mainly concerned with?

    <p>Increase in volume with a rise in temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might the linear expansion coefficient vary slightly across different materials?

    <p>Different atomic structures and bonding forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation correctly expresses the linear expansion of a rod given its initial length, temperature change, and linear expansion coefficient?

    <p>$ ext{Increase in Length} = L imes α imes ext{Temperature Change}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option represents a true statement about the temperature measurement scales?

    <p>Celsius and Kelvin measures the same reference points for boiling and freezing water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which temperature is equivalent to absolute zero in Celsius?

    <p>-273.15 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the linear expansion coefficient in thermal physics?

    <p>It quantifies the material's response to temperature change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Definition of Temperature

    • Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold something is.
    • We can feel temperature differences when objects are in contact with each other.
    • When two objects with different temperatures are in contact, they will exchange heat until they reach thermal equilibrium, where their temperatures are equal.

    Temperature Scales

    • There are three main temperature scales: Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin.
    • The Fahrenheit scale defines the freezing point of water at 32°F and the boiling point at 212°F.
    • The Celsius scale defines the freezing point of water at 0°C and the boiling point at 100°C.
    • The Kelvin scale is based on absolute zero, the minimum possible temperature. It defines the freezing point of water at 273.15 K and the boiling point at 373 K.
    • The Kelvin scale is the international standard unit of temperature.

    Converting Temperature Scales

    • Use the following formulas for converting temperatures between the different scales:
      • Fahrenheit to Celsius: 𝑇𝑐 = (𝑇𝐹 − 32) × 5/9
      • Celsius to Fahrenheit: 𝑇𝐹 = 𝑇𝑐 × 9/5 + 32
      • Celsius to Kelvin: 𝑇𝐾 = 𝑇𝐶 + 273.15
      • Kelvin to Celsius: 𝑇𝑐 = 𝑇𝐾 − 273.15

    Thermal Expansion

    • Thermal expansion occurs when materials change in size (length, area, or volume) in response to temperature changes.
    • Atoms in matter vibrate, and the amplitude of this vibration increases with temperature.
    • This increased vibration causes greater spacing between atoms, leading to expansion of the material.

    Linear Expansion

    • Linear expansion refers to the change in length of a solid object due to a temperature change.
    • The change in length (ΔL) is directly proportional to the original length (L), the temperature change (ΔT), and the linear expansion coefficient (α).
    • The linear expansion coefficient is a material constant that varies with the type of material.
    • The formula for linear expansion is: ΔL = αLΔT

    Definition of Temperature

    • Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
    • The temperature scale defines the freezing point of water at 32 °F (Fahrenheit), 0 °C (Celsius), and 273.15 K (Kelvin).
    • The boiling point of water is 212 °F, 100 °C, and 373.15 K.
    • Kelvin is the standard SI unit for temperature, and it is based on the existence of absolute zero, the minimum possible temperature.

    Converting Temperature Scales

    • Fahrenheit to Celsius: 𝑇𝑐 = (𝑇𝐹 − 32) * 5/9
    • Celsius to Fahrenheit: 𝑇𝐹 = 𝑇𝑐 * 9/5 + 32
    • Celsius to Kelvin: 𝑇𝐾 = 𝑇𝐶 + 273
    • Kelvin to Celsius: 𝑇𝒄 = 𝑇𝐾 − 273

    Thermal Expansion

    • Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change in volume in response to temperature changes.
    • It occurs due to the vibrations of atoms within matter.
    • Higher temperatures lead to larger vibrations and greater atomic spacing.

    Linear Expansion

    • Linear expansion occurs in solids, and it refers to the change in length of a material due to temperature changes.
    • This change in length is given by ΔL = αLΔT
    • α is the coefficient of linear expansion, which is a constant for a given material under normal temperature ranges.

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    Thermal Physics / Temperature PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the definition of temperature, its scales, and conversion methods. This quiz covers concepts like thermal equilibrium, and the specifics of Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin. Perfect for students looking to understand temperature measurements in science.

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