14 Questions
What happens to the speed of atoms/molecules in a substance when energy is transferred to/from it?
They change speed, resulting in a change in temperature.
How does temperature relate to the speed of atoms/molecules?
Temperature is a measurement of the average speed of atoms/molecules.
What happens to the volume of a substance when its atoms/molecules move faster?
The substance expands.
What occurs to the volume of a substance when its atoms/molecules move slower?
The substance contracts.
What happens to the collisions between atoms/molecules in a substance when it is warmed?
Collisions become stronger and more frequent.
In what state do molecules need to be for evaporation to occur?
Liquid
What causes evaporation to occur?
Molecules collide with the surface, providing enough energy for some to escape.
What happens to the collisions between atoms/molecules when a substance is cooled?
Collisions are not as strong and less frequent
How does heating a substance affect the volume of the substance?
Volume increases
In what state do molecules need to be for evaporation to occur?
Moving fast enough at the surface to escape
What is the effect on temperature when a substance is cooled?
Temperature decreases
When a substance is heated, what happens to the speed of its atoms/molecules?
They speed up
How does cooling a substance affect the frequency of collisions between its atoms/molecules?
Collisions weaken and become less frequent
What is the impact on volume when a substance is compressed?
Volume decreases
Study Notes
Heating and Cooling
- Heating a substance means energy is transferred to the substance, resulting in a gain of energy.
- Cooling a substance means energy is transferred from the substance, resulting in a loss of energy.
- Energy transfer affects the speed of atoms/molecules, which is detected as a change in temperature.
Temperature
- Temperature is a measurement of the average speed of atoms/molecules.
- Faster-moving atoms/molecules result in a higher temperature.
- Slower-moving atoms/molecules result in a lower temperature.
Effects of Heating and Cooling
- When a substance is warmed, atoms/molecules gain energy, move faster, and collide more frequently, causing expansion and an increase in volume.
- When a substance is cooled, atoms/molecules lose energy, move slower, and collide less frequently, causing compression and a decrease in volume.
- The atoms/molecules themselves do not expand or shrink.
Evaporation
- Evaporation occurs when molecules at the surface of a liquid gain enough energy to enter the gaseous state.
- This can happen when molecules move fast enough to escape or when air particles collide with the surface, providing enough energy for a molecule to escape.
- Evaporation can occur at any temperature, and warmer temperatures result in faster evaporation.
Test your knowledge on temperature and energy transfer processes in substances. Learn about how heating and cooling affect the speed of atoms and molecules, resulting in changes in temperature.
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