ITT300 - Chapter 3
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ITT300 - Chapter 3

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Questions and Answers

What is the maximum bandwidth of a Fast Ethernet network?

  • 1000 Mbps
  • 200 Mbps
  • 10 Mbps
  • 100 Mbps (correct)

    • Throughput and bandwidth are the same measurements.

    False

    Name one component of latency.

    Propagation time, Transmission time, Queuing time, or Processing delay

    The time required for a signal to travel from one point to another is called ___.

    <p>propagation time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor influences transmission time?

    <p>Size of the message</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Queuing time is a fixed factor that does not change with network load.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does propagation speed measure?

    <p>The distance a signal can travel through a medium in one second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Throughput = Actual measurement of data transfer speed Latency = Time delay before data starts to flow Propagation Time = Time for a signal to travel between points Queuing Time = Time a message waits before processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does attenuation mean?

    <p>Loss of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Decibels can be used to indicate when a signal is amplified.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of noise is created by the random motion of electrons in a wire?

    <p>Thermal noise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signal-to-Noise (SNR) is used to calculate the ratio of the signal power to the ______ power.

    <p>noise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of noise mentioned?

    <p>Static noise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of noise with their descriptions:

    <p>Thermal noise = Random motion of electrons in a wire Induced noise = Source from motors and appliances Crosstalk = Effect of one wire on another Impulse noise = Spike of high energy signal in a short time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Distortion occurs in a composite signal made of different frequencies.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unit do engineers use to show that a signal has lost or gained strength?

    <p>decibel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency of a signal with a period of 100 ms?

    <p>10 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A nonperiodic composite signal has a continuous repetitive pattern.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate the bandwidth of a composite signal?

    <p>B = highest frequency - lowest frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The position of a waveform relative to time zero is measured in __________.

    <p>degrees or radians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of signals with their definitions:

    <p>Periodic = Has a continuous repetitive pattern Nonperiodic = Has no continuous repetitive pattern Composite = Made of many simple sine waves Frequency Domain = Shows peak value and frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the amplitude, phase, and frequency used for?

    <p>To plot a sine wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The time-domain plot explicitly shows the phase of a signal.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The highest frequency in a signal minus the lowest frequency gives the __________.

    <p>bandwidth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bandwidth of a composite signal made up of sine waves with frequencies of 100 Hz and 900 Hz?

    <p>800 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Digital signals are periodic in nature.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bits are needed per level for a digital signal with eight levels?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The bandwidth of a channel indicates the speed of bit transmission in a __________.

    <p>channel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following digital signal characteristics with their correct definitions:

    <p>Bit interval = Time duration of each bit Bit rate = Speed of bit transmission Logarithm base 2 = Calculation for bits per level Levels = Various signal states in digital signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a digital signal's representation?

    <p>Binary format using 1s and 0s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A digital signal can be decomposed into an infinite number of sine waves.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the calculated capacity of a telephone line with a bandwidth of 3000 Hz and a signal-to-noise ratio of 3162?

    <p>34,890 bps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A telephone line can transmit a maximum of 4 kHz of bandwidth.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The formula used to find the upper limit of bit rate is the __________ formula.

    <p>Shannon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following parameters with their definitions:

    <p>Bandwidth in Hertz = Range of frequencies contained in a signal Bandwidth in bps = Number of bits per second a channel can transmit SNR = Signal-to-noise ratio C = Channel capacity in bits per second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Using a bandwith of 1 MHz and an SNR of 63, what is the calculated bit rate?

    <p>6 Mbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Attenuation

    • Represents the loss of signal energy as it travels through a medium.
    • Energy loss overcomes medium resistance; some energy converts to heat.
    • Amplifiers are utilized to compensate for energy loss.
    • Signal strength is quantified using the decibel (dB) unit.

    Transmission Impairment: Decibel (dB)

    • Measures relative strength between two signals or same signal at different points.
    • A negative dB indicates signal attenuation; a positive dB indicates signal amplification.

    Transmission Impairment: Distortion

    • Occurs when a signal changes form or shape.
    • Can result from composite signals with varying frequencies.
    • Different propagation speeds lead to delays, causing phase differences at the receiver.

    Transmission Impairment: Noise

    • Various types can corrupt signals: thermal noise, induced noise, crosstalk, and impulse noise.
    • Thermal Noise: Caused by random electron motion in wires.
    • Induced Noise: Generated by external sources like motors and appliances.
    • Crosstalk: Interference between wires.
    • Impulse Noise: Sudden spikes in signal with high energy.

    Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)

    • SNR quantifies the power ratio of a signal to noise.
    • Telephone lines typically have a bandwidth of 3000 Hz and an SNR of 3162.
    • Channel capacity calculated using the formula:
      • C = B log2(1 + SNR)
      • Example: For 3000 Hz and SNR 3162, C = 34,890 bps.

    Performance: Bandwidth

    • Bandwidth in Hertz: Range of frequencies in a signal or channel capability.
    • Example: Telephone line has a bandwidth of 4 kHz.
    • Bandwidth in bps: Maximum number of bits a channel can transmit.
    • Example: Maximum Fast Ethernet bandwidth is 100 Mbps.

    Performance: Throughput

    • Measures actual data transfer speed in a network.
    • Difference between bandwidth (potential) and throughput (actual speed).

    Performance: Latency (Delay)

    • Total time for a message to reach its destination after the first bit is sent.
    • Composed of four components:
      • Propagation time
      • Transmission time
      • Queuing time
      • Processing delay

    Performance: Propagation Speed and Time

    • Propagation Speed measures how far a signal travels in one second.
    • Propagation Time is the time taken for a signal to traverse a medium from point A to B.

    Performance: Transmission Time

    • Relates to the time required to send a complete message based on message size and channel bandwidth.

    Performance: Queuing Time

    • Time a message waits at intermediate devices before processing.
    • Changes based on network load; higher traffic increases queuing time.

    Composite Signal

    • Comprised of multiple sine waves, can be periodic or nonperiodic.
    • Periodic signals have a repetitive pattern; nonperiodic signals do not.
    • Bandwidth determined by the difference between highest and lowest frequencies.

    Digital Signals

    • Mainly non-periodic, described by bit interval and bit rate.
    • Can decompose into infinite sine waves, signifying infinite bandwidth.
    • Comprised of binary representation (1s and 0s).

    Digital Signals Bit Representation

    • If a signal has L levels, it requires log2 L bits per level.
    • Example: An eight-level digital signal requires 3 bits per level (log2 8 = 3).

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    Related Documents

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    Description

    This quiz explores the concepts of signal attenuation and transmission impairment in telecommunications. You will learn about energy loss, the role of amplifiers, and how decibels (dB) measure signal strength. Test your understanding of these critical principles in communication systems.

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