Tekstong Impormatibo: Types, Elements & Writing Style

Tekstong Impormatibo (Informative Text)

• Provides information and knowledge.
• Contains significant and specific information about people, things, places, and events.
• Answers the questions: What, Who, and How.

Parts

• Title
• Introduction (Opening statement)
• Body (Overall content).
• Conclusion

Elemento (Elements)

• Author's purpose: To expand knowledge, explain difficult events, learn about the world, and research.

Estilo sa Pagsulat (Writing Style)

• Uses visual representations like images, drawings, diagrams, tables, and timelines to help readers understand the text.
• Emphasizes important words in the text using italics or quotation marks.
• Lists references, which includes listing the information sources.

Uri (Types)

• Presentation of True Events/History: Presents true events that occurred in a period of time.
• Informational Reporting Presents important knowledge.
• Explanation: Explains how or why something happened.

Tekstong Deskriptibo (Descriptive Text)

• Similar to a painted or drawn picture, where viewers can visualize the original source of the image.
• Effective descriptions allow readers to almost see, smell, hear, taste, or touch the described subjects.
• Uses figures of speech.

Uri ng Paglalarawan (Types of Descriptions)

• Subhetibo (Subjective): Based on imagination, not reality.
• Obhetibo (Objective): Based on factual truth.

Kohesyong Gramatikal (Grammatical Cohesion)

• Cohesive devices aid in logical flow, prevents repetition.
• Anapora: Uses pronouns or other words to refer back to a previously mentioned word or idea.
• Katapora: Uses pronouns or other words to refer to a word or idea that will be mentioned later.
• Elipsis: Omits words or phrases already understood by the reader to avoid repetition.
• Pang-ugnay (Connectives): Words used to connect ideas in a sentence.

Kohesyong Leksikal (Lexical Cohesion)

• Using words or lexicons in a text to create connection and unity of ideas.
• Reiterasyon (Reiteration): Repeating words or phrases in different ways to show the relationship of ideas in the text.
• Pag-uulit (Repetition): Repeatedly using the same word.
• Pagpapakahulugan (Synonymy): Using words with similar meanings.
• Pagkontra (Antonymy): Uses opposite words to show the connection of ideas.

Tekstong Naratibo (Narrative Text)

• Tells a story, event, or experience.
• Aims to present details that are based on real life (non-fiction) or fictional.
• Emphasizes the sequence of events, characters, setting, and other narrative elements to evoke emotion and interest.

Uri ng Pananaw o Punto de Vista (Types of Perspective or Point of View)

• Unang Panauhan (First Person): The narrator is part of the story and uses "ako" or "kami", expressing personal feelings, thoughts, or experiences.
• Ikalawang Panauhan (Second Person): The narrator directly addresses the reader using "ikaw" or "kayo", often used in instructions or to deepen personal connection.
• Ikatlong Panauhan (Third Person): The narrator is outside the story using "siya", "sila", "niya", providing a broader perspective.
• MalaDiyos (Omniscient): The narrator knows everything that happens in the story, including the thoughts and feelings of the characters.
• Limitadong Panauhan (Limited): The narrator focuses only on one character's perspective without knowing the thoughts or feelings of others.
• Tagapag-obserbang Tauhan (Observing Character): Narrator reports events without providing information about the thoughts or feelings of characters.

Elemento ng Tekstong Naratibo (Elements of Narrative Text)

• Tauhan (Character): Acts in a story, which includes:
  • Pangunahing tauhan (Protagonista): Main character.
  • Kasamang tauhan (Foil)
  • Katunggaling tauhan (Antagonista): Opposing character.
  • May akda (Author)

Uri ng Tauhan (Types of Characters)

• Tauhang bilog (round character): Changes.
• Tauhang Lapad (flat character): Does not change.
• Tagpuan (Setting): Refers to the place and time of the story.
• Banghay (Plot): Refers to the sequence of events.
• Paksa (Theme): The main idea or lesson a story conveys, usually based on human experiences or values.

Tekstong Prosidyural (Procedural Text)

• Gives information on how to do something or what to do.
• Follows a “Chronological” order.

Uri ng Tekstong Prosidyural (Types of Procedural Texts)

• Tekstong Prosidyural sa Paggawa (How-To): Refers to the steps on how to do a particular task or project.
• Tekstong Prosidyural sa Pagluluto (Recipes): Refers to the instructions on how to prepare food or drink.
• Tekstong Prosidyural sa Paggamit ng Bagay (Instruction Manual): Refers to the instructions on how to use an item or product.
• Tekstong Prosidyural sa Laro (Game Instructions): Provides instructions on how to play a game.
• Tekstong Prosidyural sa Pag-aalaga (Care Instructions): Refers to the guides on how to care for something or an animal.
• Overall, procedural text is an important type of text that provides clear and organized guidance on various tasks or processes.

Tekstong Persweysib (Persuasive Text)

• Aims to persuade, change, and convince the reader through attractive statements leading to a logical conclusion.

Paraan ng Panghihikayat (Methods of Persuasion)

• Ethos: Refers to the credibility of the author.
• Pathos: Uses emotion to persuade the reader.
• Logos: Uses logic to convince the reader.

Uri ng Propaganda Devices (Types of Propaganda Devices)

Propaganda devices are methods of persuasion used to influence people's opinions, beliefs, or actions commonly used in advertising, politics, and media.

• Bandwagon: Encourages people to join a group or follow something.
• Name-Calling: Uses negative words or labels to defame someone.
• Glittering Generalities: Uses deep, powerful, and positive words.
• Testimonial: Using a known personality or expert to support.
• Plain Folks: Depicts someone as an ordinary person to show they understand their situation.
• Card Stacking: Showing only the positive aspects and hiding the negative.
• Transfer: Using a symbol, image, or authority connect to an idea.

Tekstong Argumentatibo (Argumentative Text)

• Presents a belief, opinion, or viewpoint on an important or sensitive issue using evidence from personal experience, studies, literature, history, and research.

Pagkakaiba ng Tekstong Persuweysib at Tekstong Argumentatib (Difference Between Persuasive and Argumentative Texts)

Aspekto (Aspect)

• Layunin (Purpose): Persuweysib (Persuasive): To persuade the reader to agree or take action using emotion and belief.
• Argumentatib (Argumentative): Prove a viewpoint using logical.
• Batayan ng Panghihikayat (Basis of Persuasion)
• Tekstong Persuweysib (Persuasive): Based on emosyon (emotion) and kredibilidad (credibility).
• Tekstong Argumentatib (Argumentative): Based on lohika (logic), datos (data), and ebidensya (evidence).
• Pagtalakay sa Magkabilang Panig (Discussion of Both Sides):
• Tekstong Persuweysib (Persuasive): Does not mention the other side.
• Tekstong Argumentatib (Argumentative): States and answers arguments from the other side.
• Paraan ng Pagsulat (Writing Style):
• Tekstong Persuweysib (Persuasive): Uses figurative language and emotional speech.
• Tekstong Argumentatib (Argumentative): Uses formal, logical, and with proper evidence.

This lesson defines and explains the purpose, parts, elements, writing style and types of "Tekstong Impormatibo" (Informative Text). It covers how it provides information, answers the questions, and uses visual representation. It also presents the different types of informative text, presentation, and reporting.