Tejido Nervioso: Estructura y Neuronas

Tejido Nervioso: Estructura

• The nervous tissue is a highly specialized tissue responsible for coordinating and controlling the body's activities.
• Its primary components are neurons and glial cells.
• Neurons are the fundamental units of the nervous system, specialized for receiving, processing, and transmitting information.
• Glial cells provide support, protection, and nourishment for neurons. They are essential for the overall functionality of the nervous system.
• Neurons exhibit a diverse range of shapes and sizes, but all share a common structure consisting of a cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon.

Estructura Del Tejido Nervioso: Neuronas

• The cell body (soma) contains the nucleus and other organelles crucial for cellular functions, including protein synthesis.
• Dendrites are branching extensions of the neuron that act as input receivers, receiving signals from other neurons or sensory cells. They have a large surface area to maximize signal reception.
• Axons are long, slender projections of the neuron that transmit signals to other neurons or effector cells (e.g., muscles or glands). The axon terminals release neurotransmitters to communicate with the next cell.
• Myelin sheaths, formed by glial cells (oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the PNS), wrap around the axons of many neurons. Myelin increases the speed of impulse transmission.
• Nodes of Ranvier are gaps in the myelin sheath along the axon, where the axon membrane is exposed. Saltatory conduction (the jumping of the action potential between nodes) is the primary mode of transmission.

Función De Las Neuronas

• Neurons transmit information in the form of electrical and chemical signals.
• The electrical signal, called an action potential, is a rapid change in membrane potential that travels along the axon.
• Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals across the synapse (the junction between neurons).
• Neurons participate in complex processing of sensory information, enabling responses to internal and external stimuli.
• Specialized neurons for different functions exhibit various configurations and shapes. Sensory neurons transmit signals from sensory receptors to the CNS, motor neurons transmit signals from the CNS to muscles or glands, and interneurons connect other neurons within the CNS.

Transmisión De Impulsos Nerviosos

• The process of impulse transmission involves a series of events that occurs at the synapse.
• Action potentials travel down the axon to the axon terminal.
• Neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft (the space separating the axon terminal and the receiving neuron).
• Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane, triggering a response in the receiving neuron.
• Depending on the specific neurotransmitter and receptor, this could be excitation or inhibition of the postsynaptic neuron.
• Neurotransmitter action is typically terminated by enzymatic degradation or reuptake into the presynaptic neuron.
• Impulse transmission is fundamental to the operation of the nervous system, enabling communication between neurons and between neurons and the peripheral effectors.
• The propagation of an action potential involves sequential depolarization and repolarization events along the axon's membrane.
• The strength and nature of the nerve impulse depend on the stimulus.
• Transmission is influenced by various factors like myelination, diameter of the axon, and neurotransmitter types and concentrations.

Este cuestionario explora la estructura del tejido nervioso, centrándose en las neuronas y las células gliales. A través de preguntas, podrás profundizar en la función y características de los componentes esenciales del sistema nervioso. Conocerás cómo las neuronas reciben, procesan y transmiten información en el cuerpo.