Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which component of a computer system is considered the main component that connects all others?
Which component of a computer system is considered the main component that connects all others?
What type of system uses data from a Transaction Processing System to create reports for management decision-making?
What type of system uses data from a Transaction Processing System to create reports for management decision-making?
What is the main purpose of an embedded system?
What is the main purpose of an embedded system?
Which memory type is classified as primary memory?
Which memory type is classified as primary memory?
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What does the term 'platform' refer to in the context of computer systems?
What does the term 'platform' refer to in the context of computer systems?
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Which of the following is not a benefit of information systems?
Which of the following is not a benefit of information systems?
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What is the primary function of a compiler?
What is the primary function of a compiler?
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Which type of software is characterized by its availability for free under the General Public License?
Which type of software is characterized by its availability for free under the General Public License?
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Which law predicts the doubling of transistors on a computer chip every one and a half to two years?
Which law predicts the doubling of transistors on a computer chip every one and a half to two years?
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What does digitisation primarily refer to?
What does digitisation primarily refer to?
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Which of the following is not a component of Information Systems?
Which of the following is not a component of Information Systems?
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What is a primary key in a database?
What is a primary key in a database?
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What is the meaning of 'Creative Destruction' according to Schumpeter?
What is the meaning of 'Creative Destruction' according to Schumpeter?
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Which of the following describes 'Knowledge' as per the content provided?
Which of the following describes 'Knowledge' as per the content provided?
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What is NOT an effect of Metcalfe's Law?
What is NOT an effect of Metcalfe's Law?
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Which type of database allows access to data through multiple tables without needing to reorganize?
Which type of database allows access to data through multiple tables without needing to reorganize?
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What is an intranet?
What is an intranet?
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What does HTTP stand for?
What does HTTP stand for?
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Which protocol is predominantly used for most networks?
Which protocol is predominantly used for most networks?
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What is the primary purpose of Search Engine Optimisation (SEO)?
What is the primary purpose of Search Engine Optimisation (SEO)?
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What is the function of a Domain Name?
What is the function of a Domain Name?
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What is a characteristic of cloud computing?
What is a characteristic of cloud computing?
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Which of the following accurately describes a Trojan Horse in computer security?
Which of the following accurately describes a Trojan Horse in computer security?
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What is a strategic information system?
What is a strategic information system?
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What differentiates security from safety in the context of computer use?
What differentiates security from safety in the context of computer use?
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What is the main characteristic of the Prototyping system development approach?
What is the main characteristic of the Prototyping system development approach?
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Which of the following best describes a dynamic web page?
Which of the following best describes a dynamic web page?
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Which technique is NOT a method of protecting intellectual property?
Which technique is NOT a method of protecting intellectual property?
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What is the role of an Internet Service Provider (ISP)?
What is the role of an Internet Service Provider (ISP)?
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What key factor differentiates pharming from phishing?
What key factor differentiates pharming from phishing?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of Big Data analytics?
Which of the following is a characteristic of Big Data analytics?
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Which of the following statements best captures the concept of nonobvious relationship awareness?
Which of the following statements best captures the concept of nonobvious relationship awareness?
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Study Notes
Technology Trends
- AI Revolution
- Building the Digital Future
- Compute and Connectivity Frontiers
- Cutting-edge Engineering
- A Sustainable World
Convergence
- The general process of becoming affordable and accessible
Moore's Law
- Predicts the number of transistors fitting on a computer chip will double every one-and-a-half to two years.
Metcalfe's Law
- The value or power of a network grows exponentially as a function of the number of network members.
Effects of Metcalfe's Law
- Smaller, cheaper processors
- Bigger and more valuable networks
- More applications and growth of the IT industry
Digitisation
- The mass adoption of connected digital services by consumers, enterprises, and government
- Digitisation can play an important role in assisting policymakers to spur economic growth and employment.
Creative Destruction
- According to Schumpeter, the "gale of creative destruction" describes the process of industrial mutation that incessantly revolutionizes the economic structure from within, incessantly destroying the old one, incessantly creating a new one.
Data
- Raw facts and figures that on their own have no meaning
- Data has meaning when processed and in context
Information
- Communication, decision-making, support business processes
Knowledge
- Understanding of rules needed to interpret information
The DIKAR Model
- The "Technology" View: Data → Information → Knowledge → Action
- The "Business" View: Data → Information → Knowledge → Action
Knowledge Types
- Explicit (eg, documents & databases)
- Tacit (rooted in experience & values)
Database
- Structured collection of related data
- Database System- computer program for managing electronic databases
Relational Database
- A collection of tables from which data can be accessed in many different ways without having to reorganise the tables
Boolean Values
- "true" or "false"
Basic Database Operations
- Design
- Data entries
- Queries
- Reports
System
- A set of processes that work together to produce an output
Information System Inputs
- The activity of gathering and capturing data
Information System Processing
- Converting or transforming data into useful outputs
Information System Outputs
- Useful information usually in the form of documents and/or reports
Information System Components
- Hardware
- Software
Transaction Processing System (TPS)
- A type of information system that collects, stores, modifies, and retrieves data transactions.
- Examples: sales order entry, payroll, shipping
Management Information System (MIS)
- An information system that uses data collected by TPS to create reports for managers to make routine business decisions.
Information Management (IM)
- Collecting and managing information from multiple sources and distributing it to multiple audiences.
Information System Benefits
- Gathering
- Storing
- Manipulating
- Retrieving and communicating
- Business rules
Computer System Components
- Motherboard (main component)
- Central Processing Unit (CPU) - the "brain"
- Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)
- Control unit
- Registers
- Memory (stores data during processing)
- Primary memory:
- Registers
- RAM
- ROM
- Cache memory
- Secondary memory (permanent storage)
Storage Devices
- Block storage devices (hard disks)
- Optical storage devices (CDs, DVDs)
- Flash storage devices (USB sticks, flash cards, SSDs)
Embedded System
- Microcontroller or microprocessor-based system designed for a specific task (e.g., fire alarm)
Mobile Hardware
- Central Processing Units (CPUs) optimized for low power environments.
Levels of Abstraction
- Algorithms --> high-level programming languages --> low-level languages (machine code, assembly language)
Algorithms
- Procedures for a tasks
Operating Systems
- Combination of CPU and operating system (OS)
Open Source Software (OSS)
- Software with source code made available, which usually allows users to modify and redistribute
General Public License (GPL)
- License under which Open Source software is available for free.
Networks
- Local Area Networks (LAN)
- Wide Area Networks (WAN)
- Intranet (private LAN for internal use)
- Extranet (network connecting people inside and outside the company)
Network Classifications
- Topology
- Protocol
- Network Architecture
Network Protocols
- Ethernet Protocol
- Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
Network Architectures
- Peer-to-peer (computers connect directly to each other)
- Client-server (client computer sends information to a server)
Firewalls
- Network security systems monitoring and controlling network traffic.
Internet Technologies
- Backbones (high-speed data lines)
- Internetworking (connecting separate networks)
- Packet switching networks
- Internet Service Provider (ISP)
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
- Standard language creating web pages, applications
Domain Names
- Unique names associated with IP addresses
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)
- Secure protocol for transferring data
Dynamic Web Pages
- Display different content each time viewed.
- Two types: Client-side, Server-side scripting
Cloud Computing
- Network-based computing taking place over the internet. (Remotely hosted, ubiquitous, commodified)
E-commerce
- Business involving transfer of information across the internet
Bitcoin
- New currency founded in 2009 by Satoshi Nakamoto
Strategic Information Systems
- Give owners a competitive advantage
Porter's Five Forces
- Threat of new entrants
- Bargaining power of suppliers
- Existing rivalry among competitors
- Bargaining power of buyers
- Threat of substitute products
Search Engines
- Internet-based tools indexing documents
Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
- Process affecting visibility of a website or page
Pay Per Click (PPC)
- Sponsored online advertising
Computer Security
- Protecting data from unauthorized access (confidentiality, integrity, availability)
Security vs Safety
- Security is protecting access. Safety is how people behave when using internet features.
Logic Bombs
- Instructions secretly incorporated into a program.
Trojan Horses
- Masquerades as a beneficial program while quietly doing harmful things
Phishing (and Pharming)
- Fake emails or web pages deceiving users.
Rootkits
- Collection of programs to mask intrusion and grab admin level access
IT Architecture Considerations
- Standardization: using similar products (vendors) for various people
- Integration: Ensures data is not duplicated
System Development Phases
- Initiation
- Analysis
- Design
- Development
- Implementation
- Maintenance
Waterfall Model
- Classic software development lifecycle approach
Prototyping
- Developing a small part of a system at a time
Data Analysis Techniques
- Profiling
- Nonobvious relationship awareness
- Mobile device growth
Intellectual Property Protection
- Trade secrets
- Copyrights
- Patents
Ethical Decision Principles
- (These are too numerous to summarize adequately.)
Big Data, Analytics, and Smart Data
- Big Data + Analytics = Smart Data
Data Analytics
- Analyzing data to draw meaningful, actionable insights
Data Visualization
- Using visual elements (charts, graphs) to represent data.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the latest technology trends, including the AI revolution, Moore's Law, and the effects of digitization. Explore key concepts such as convergence, Metcalfe's Law, and creative destruction in the tech industry. Perfect for anyone interested in understanding the future of technology.
