Technology in Education

• Technology involves methods, systems, and devices derived from scientific knowledge for practical use
• It combines processes and products, from pencils to modern electronic gadgets

Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

• ICT uses digital technology, communication tools, and networks
• Its purpose it to enable accessing, managing, integrating, evaluating, creating, and communicating information in a knowledge-based society

Educational Technology

• Educational technology refers to utilizing technology in teaching and learning
• It includes non-digital (flip charts, pictures) and digital tools (hardware, software)

Technology, Media, and Learning

• Technology, media and learning involves employing methods, systems, and devices
• These tools convey messages for instructional purposes, to promote independent and sustainable learning

Instructional System and Instructional Technology

• Instructional System and Instructional Technology refers to the theory and practice of design, development, utilization, management, and evaluation processes and resources for learning

Digital Literacy

• Digital literacy is the ability to find, evaluate, utilize, share, and create content using information technologies and the Internet
• It also means the capacity to use information and communication, requiring both cognitive and technical skills
• Digital Literacy means any learning that is accompanied by technology or effective instructional practice

Digital Learning

• Digital learning encompasses various practices, including blended and virtual learning
• Online digital tools and apps utilize an Internet connection, like Skype
• Offline digital tools, like Canary Learning, can be used without Internet

Software

• Software refers to program control instruction and documentation
• It is stored on disks, tapes, or digital storage devices when not in use

Multimedia

• Multimedia is the sequential or simultaneous use of various media formats in a presentation or self-study program

Internet

• The Internet is a massive network that connects millions of computers globally
• This allows any computer to communicate with another if both are connected

World Wide Web (WWW)

• The World Wide Web, also called the Web, is a graphical environment on computer networks
• It enables access, viewing, and maintenance of documentation including text, data, sound, and video, it generally allows for accessing information

Web Access

• Web access the ability of a learner to tap into available online educational resources during a lesson

Webquest

• Webquest is a structured research activity for students relying on web use, lasting one or more instructional periods

Productivity Tools

• Productivity tools refers to software and technologies enhancing personal, professional, or classroom efficiency, such as MS Office
• It is essentially an instrument for accomplishing work

Technology Tools

• Technology Tools includes tools that help achieve goals, classified as data/calculation, design, discussion, e-mail, and handheld tools

Blog

• A blog is an online journal with information from teachers and students
• Blogs can be broadly be used for communication, instruction, or both

Vlog

• A vlog is a video blog where entries are posted as videos

Wiki

• A Wiki is an editable website, generally accessible on a limited basis, where students collaborate to create digital content

Flipped Classroom

• The flipped classroom uses web resources as homework for initial lesson instruction, discussed during class

Podcast

• A podcast is an audio/video clip on a single topic, similar to a radio talk show
• It retrieve and disseminate information

Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP)

• Voice Over Internet Protocol is the hardware and software enabling Internet-based telephone calls
• It transmits voice data in packets using Internet Protocol (IP) instead of traditional circuits

Roles of ICT in Teaching and Learning

• Technology can support the teach teach others (Technology as a Tutor)
• Technology, as a teaching tool, facilitates and lightens workload, making learning accessible
• Technology as a learning tool can produce learning outcomes

Role of Technology for Teachers and Teaching

• Technology supports teachers, transforming classrooms into interactive environments with aids like audio-visuals and smart classrooms, that motivate and increase learners' attention
• Teachers are aided with structured materials for daily activities
• Technology enhances teaching efficiency, offering varied methods compatible with learning styles
• Technology advances teaching, testing, and evaluation, with programs for analyzing results
• Teachers improve competence via online learning resources, fostering scientific perspectives
• Technology supports teacher development with online professional development opportunities

Role of Technology for Learners and Learning

• Technology helps learners become self-directed
• Teachers should understand the subject matter fully to help assist the learners achieving the learning outcomes
• Egbert (2009) defined these 3 categories of knowledge:
  • Declarative (what, who, when, where)
  • Structural (facts forming meaning)
  • Procedural (how to do, learning through process)
• Social interaction, through technology, enhances communication via several patterns:
  • Point-to-point
  • One-to-many outbound
  • Many-to-many interactions
• These interactions enable clarification, arguments and common grounds
• Technology supported communication enable teachers to virtually guide learners which makes learning unlimited, enhancing expression, helping students construct joint experiences, solving multiple problems, promotes politeness, collaboration, along with critical thinking, problem solving and creativity
• Critical thinking involves interpreting, explaining, analyzing, evaluating, inferring, and self-regulating for informed decisions
• There are multiple ways a teacher can develop critical thinking, such as; asking the right questions, varying question, new technologies, and groupings
• Creativity requires thinking flexibly, fluently, originally, and elaborately
• Teachers can support the creativity: enriched environment, creative thinking strategies, allow showing, and use creativity with tech
• Substitute, combine, adapt, modify/magnify/minify, put to another use, eliminate, and reverse

ICT Policies and Safety Issues

• Policy provides a course of action to guide and achieve outcomes
• ICT (Information and Communications Technology) policies guide involved entities across telecommunications, broadcasting, and Internet areas
• Republic Act No. 10844, known as the “Department of Information and Communication Technology Act of 2015”, was signed into law on May 23, 2016
• DICT sets ICT roadmap, ensuring policy statements and guidelines for projects
• It coordinates and implements ICT development at a national level

ICT for Education (ICT4E)

• ICT4E is a DICT program supporting education through ICT incorporation, infrastructure access, and learning technology deployment
• It promotes:
  • Open Educational Resources (OER)
  • coordination
  • harmonization
  • public/private sector financing
  • appropriate technologies
• Key implementations include:
  • A masterplan for ICT in education at all levels
  • Content development using the Open Content in Education Initiative (OCEI)
  • PheDNet, which is a "walled" garden providing educational materials
  • eSkwela, established learning centers for youth
  • eQuality Program with educational partnerships
  • Digital Media Arts Program
  • ICT skills strategic plan addresses skills demand-supply

Safety Issues and E-Safety Rules

• The usage of the Internet posses many risks for children, therefore a safety regulation must be set
• Some of the risks in the use of ICT and Networking are: exposure to inappropriate content, cyberbullying, privacy issues, health issues, addiction, phishing, viruses, and social pressures
• A minor misuse of the Internet can come in the form of: copying information plagiarizing work, downloading harmful material, misconduct associated with profiles and passwords of others, using electronic devices during work or school
• E-safety helps safeguard children by: teaching responsible tech use, emphasizing learning in positive ways, offering a insight on risks, and supporting adaptive online behavior
• Several important network management rules:
  • No logging in as other users
  • Logging off when finished
  • Maintaining equipment safely
  • Providing guided e-learning for certain content
  • Setting up disaster data recovery systems with safety measures
  • Securing network
  • Professionally install computer equipment
  • Review the school ICT system regularly
• Other rules that can be set are:
  • Password Protection
  • Keeping phones in an appropriate location
  • Cameras shall only be utilized by parents or caregivers
• To setup an educational technology room:
  • Provide tiltable tables
  • Provide anti-glare screen filters
  • Provide adjustable chairs
  • Provide foot support
  • Make sure lighting is suitable
  • Make sure work stations are not cramped
  • Plan work at a computer so that there are frequent breaks

Safety Rules To Prevent Accidents:

• No wires across a room
• Do not overload sockets
• Test equipment once a year
• Provide space for people
• Do not store bags out of way
• All machines should be clear of food and beverages
• Check heating and ventilation
• Have extinguishers
• Provide visible fire exits

ICT and Internet Policy and Regulation Issues

• Access and Civil Liberties cover freedoms of expression, privacy, communication, and intellectual property
• Access to the use of the Internet and ICT provides allowance for use of media
• Infringement to Liberties or Human Rights provides all people the right to freedom of free expression
• Freedom of expression and censorship:
  • Individual online rights
  • Limiting information with filtering and blockage by censorship
  • Legal action in a form of defamation
• When using public sites, read its privacy policy
• Important privacy facts
  • Right to personal privacy
  • Rights to interferences against phone or Internet
  • Freedom of sharing information related to computer

Issues of Surveillance and Data

• Electronic communications have elevated direct contact
• Dataveillance monitors information, while data retention stores it
• Counter surveillance alters methods, making monitoring more difficult
• Electronic waste accumulates because of rapid improvement of software
• E-waste should be managed properly due to hazardous materials
• Steps to improve can involve, material extraction, and recycling

Explore technology's role in education, including ICT, digital tools, and instructional systems. Learn how technology enhances teaching, learning, and communication in a knowledge-based society. Covers both digital and non-digital methods.