Technology Concepts and Applications Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What was the primary function of the abacus?

To record and document numbers

To aid in performing mathematical calculations (correct)

To secure online transactions

To automate addition and subtraction

Which device was invented by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz?

Pascaline

Jacquard Loom

Slide Rule

Stepped Reckoner (correct)

What technology underpins cryptocurrencies?

Blockchain technology (correct)

Punched card control

Robotic vehicles

Mechanical calculations

Which of the following was the first commercial computer?

UNIVAC 1 Signup and view all the answers

What limitation is associated with the Pascaline?

It was limited to addition and subtraction Signup and view all the answers

Which machine interpreted spoken commands?

Voice Recognition System Signup and view all the answers

Who invented the slide rule?

William Oughtred Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of drones?

Travel autonomously without human intervention Signup and view all the answers

What does robotization primarily involve?

Automating tasks using machines Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of automation?

Using a chatbot for customer service Signup and view all the answers

What is artificial intelligence primarily used for?

Simulating human intelligence processes Signup and view all the answers

How does 3D printing function?

It creates three-dimensional objects from CAD models. Signup and view all the answers

What role do computers play in healthcare?

They facilitate the storage and access of patient data. Signup and view all the answers

Which application is NOT a common use of artificial intelligence?

Creating promotional materials Signup and view all the answers

What determines the primary function of a computer?

It manipulates and processes data. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main benefits of using online communities?

They provide a platform for sharing knowledge and ideas. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes white hat hackers?

They work to improve the security of systems. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of malware is designed to hold a computer system captive until payment is made?

Ransomware Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of spyware?

To track and monitor the user. Signup and view all the answers

What connects organized hackers to a specific motivation?

They include groups involved in criminal activities. Signup and view all the answers

What defines a bot in the context of malware?

Software designed to automatically perform actions online. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hacker operates between white hat and black hat practices?

Grey hat hackers Signup and view all the answers

Who invented the first mechanical calculator designed to tabulate polynomial functions?

Charles Babbage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following computers relied on machine language, the lowest-level programming language?

ENIAC Signup and view all the answers

What is a virus in the context of cybersecurity?

Executable code attached to legitimate programs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of security vulnerabilities?

Any kind of software or hardware defect. Signup and view all the answers

What significant advancement occurred during the third generation of computers?

Development of transistors Signup and view all the answers

Who is recognized as the first computer programmer?

Augusta Ada Byron Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following machines was primarily used to summarize information and aid in accounting?

Tabulating Machine Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary characteristic of first-generation computers?

They relied on machine language. Signup and view all the answers

Which computer is known as the first electronic digital computing device?

Atanasoff-Berry Computer Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following technologies replaced vacuum tubes in computer hardware?

Transistors Signup and view all the answers

What technological advancement characterizes the fourth generation of computers?

The development of integrated circuits on a single chip Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes online identity?

It should reveal limited information in cyberspace. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant concern related to cyber criminals and identity theft?

Long term profits from stolen identity Signup and view all the answers

What type of data is considered traditional organizational data?

Payroll information of employees Signup and view all the answers

Which industrial revolution is characterized by digitalization?

Fourth Industrial Revolution Signup and view all the answers

Human Machine Interaction (HMI) primarily refers to what?

The interaction and communication between humans and machines Signup and view all the answers

What technology is associated with the Fifth Industrial Revolution?

The implementation of robots and AI Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary motive for attackers in exploiting vulnerabilities?

To achieve personal or financial gain Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Robotization

Automating complex tasks using machines
Examples: Manufacturing, healthcare, and self-driving vehicles

3D Printing

Creating three-dimensional objects from digital files

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Machines simulating human intelligence such as learning, reasoning, and self-correction
Examples: Virtual assistants, chatbots, self-driving cars, and personalized learning

Automation

Process control without human involvement
Mimicking human tasks

Cryptocurrencies

Digital or virtual money secured by blockchain technology
Operates independently and online

Voice Recognition

Machine’s ability to understand and respond to spoken commands

Autonomous Vehicles

Vehicles without a human operator

Drones

Unmanned aircraft controlled remotely

Computer

Electronic device that manipulates information using data storage, retrieval, and processing

Application of ICT in Daily Life

Healthcare: Storing and accessing patient data
Online Shopping and Trading
Government: Improving services in city planning, law enforcement, etc.
Science: Research and information sharing
Banking: Checking balances and money transfers

History of Computers

Tally Sticks: Ancient memory aid for number recording
Abacus: Mechanical device for calculations
Napier’s Bones: Developed by John Napier in 1614 for multiplication, division, and root calculations
Slide Rule: Invented by William Oughtred in 1622 for multiplication, division, and root calculations
Pascaline: Created by Blaise Pascal in 1642 for addition and subtraction
Stepped Reckoner: Designed by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in 1672 for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division
Jacquard Loom: Invented by Joseph-Marie Jacquard in 1801 for automated weaving using punched cards
Arithmometer: Created by Thomas de Colmar in 1820, a reliable and commercially successful calculator
Difference Engine and Analytical Engine: Designed by Charles Babbage in 1822 and 1834, the first mechanical computers
Scheutzian Calculation Engine: Invented by Per Georg Scheutz in 1843 for printing calculations
Tabulating Machine: Developed by Herman Hollerith in 1890 for data summarization in accounting
Harvard Mark 1 (ASCC): Invented by Howard H. Aiken in 1943, an automatic sequence controlled calculator
Z1: The first programmable computer created by Konrad Zuse in Germany (1936-1938)
Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC): First electronic digital computer invented by Professor John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry
ENIAC: Short for Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer, developed by John Presper and John Mauchly
UNIVAC 1: First commercial computer
EDVAC: Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer, the first stored program computer
Osborne 1: First portable computer
Electronic Controls Company: Founded by John Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, the first computer company

Generations of Computers

First Generation (1946 - 1958):
- Relied on machine language
- Solved one problem at a time
Second Generation (1959 - 1964):
- Used symbolic or assembly language allowing programmers to use words
Third Generation (1965 - 1970):
- Transistors were miniaturized on silicon chips (semiconductors)
- Increased speed and efficiency
Fourth Generation (1971 - Today):
- Microprocessors were used, with thousands of integrated circuits on single silicon chips

Online Identity

Identity in cyberspace
Should only reveal limited information

Offline Identity

Identity in regular life

Cyber Criminals

Individuals or groups exploiting vulnerabilities for personal or financial gain

Types of Cyber Criminals

Amateurs (Script Kiddies): Use existing tools or instructions to launch attacks
Hackers: Gain access to computers or networks
White Hat Hackers: Discover weaknesses to improve system security
Black Hat Hackers: Exploit vulnerabilities for illegal gain
Grey Hat Hackers: Act between white and black hat hackers
Organized Hackers: Include cybercriminals, hacktivists, terrorists, and state-sponsored hackers

Types of Malware

Spyware: Tracks and spies on users
Adware: Delivers advertisements
Bot: Automates actions online
Ransomware: Holds systems or data captive for payment
Scareware: Persuades users to take action based on fear
Rootkit: Modifies the operating system to create a backdoor
Virus: Malicious code attached to executable files
Trojan Horse: Malicious operation disguised as a desired action

Security Vulnerabilities

Software or hardware defects

Organizational Data

Traditional Data: Personnel information, application materials, payroll, and offer letters
Internet of Things (IoT): Sensors, biometrics (face apps, eye sensors), and Tik Tok

Human Machine Interaction (HMI)

Interaction between human users and machines through human-machine interfaces

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Description

Test your knowledge on key technological concepts such as automation, 3D printing, and artificial intelligence. This quiz covers various applications of ICT in daily life, including in healthcare and transportation. Prepare to explore innovations like cryptocurrencies and autonomous vehicles!